Deep catalytic cracking process

Figure 4-11. Deep catalytic cracking process flow diagram. (Courtesy of Stone Webster Engineering Corporation, 1977 Stone Webster Engineering Corporation.)...

Deep catalytic cracking (DCC) is a catalytic cracking process which selectively cracks a wide variety of feedstocks into light olefins. The reactor and the regenerator systems are similar to FCC. However, innovation in the catalyst development, severity, and process variable selection enables DCC to produce more olefins than FCC. In this mode of operation, propylene plus ethylene yields could reach over 25%. In addition, a high yield of amylenes (C5 olefins) is possible. Figure 3-7 shows the DCC process and Table 3-10 compares olefins produced from DCC and FCC processes. ... 

DCC [Deep catalytic cracking] A general term for processes which convert heavy petroleum feedstocks and residues to hght hydrocarbons. One such process, for making C3-C5 olefins, was developed by the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, China, and licensed through Stone Webster. Five units were operating in China in 1997. 

Deep catalytic cracking (DCC) is a commercially proven FCC process for selectively cracking a wide variety of feedstocks to light olefins, particularly propylene. Innovations in catalyst development, operational severity, and anticoking conditions. 

Deep Catalytic Cracking. This process is a variation of fluid catalytic cracking. It uses heavy petroleum fractions, such as heavy vacuum gas oil, to produce propylene- and butylene-rich gaseous products and an aromatic-rich liquid product. The liquid product contains predominandy benzene, toluene, and xylene (see BTX processing). This process is being developed by SINOPEC in China (42,73). SINOPEC is currendy converting one of its fluid catalytic units into a demonstration unit with a capacity of 60,000 t/yr of vacuum gas oil feedstock. 

Stone Webster Eng., Corp. Olefins, light Naphtha, VGO, resld Deep catalytic cracking (DCC) process to make light olefins, C2-C5 7 2000... 

Economics ROG streams from FCC units, deep catalytic cracking (DCC) units, catalytic pyrolysis process (CPP) units and coker units are normally used as fuel gas in refineries. However, these streams contain significant amounts of olefins (ethylene and propylene), which can be economically recovered. In fact, many such streams can be recovered with project payout times of less than one year. 

Application To selectively convert vacuum gasoils, paraffinic residual feedstocks and resulting blends of each into C -C olefins, aromatic-rich, high-octane gasoline and distillate using the Deep Catalytic Cracking (DCC) process. 

Fuel industry is of increasing importance because of the rapidly growing energy needs worldwide. Many processes in fuel industry, e.g. fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) [1], pyrolysis and hydrogenation of heavy oils [2], Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis [3,4], methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis [5,6], are all carried out in multiphase reactors. The reactors for these processes are very large in scale. Unfortunately, they are complicated in design and their scale-up is very difflcult. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to this field. The above mentioned chemical reactors, in which we are especially involved like deep catalytic pyrolysis and one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether, are focused on in this paper. 

The fuel working crude oil refineries produce only fuels. In these refineries, crude oil is treated with a deep transformation of heavy fractions into light fuel fractions as much as is possible. The most important processes in these refineries are catalytic cracking, hydrotreatment of fuel fractions, hydrocracking and all destructive processes. In these refineries, no lubricants or lubricating oils are produced. 

Prime-G, Prime-G+ A deep hydrodesulfurizing process for removing sulfur compounds prior to fluid catalytic cracking. It uses a fixed catalyst bed and conventional distillation. Developed by IFP (now Axens) from 1999. The + version is an improvement on the original process. In 2001, over 60 units had been licensed and 11 were operating commercially. First commercialized at Gelsenkirchen, Germany, in 2001. By 2012,140... 

---