Decomposition reactions associated with

Intramolecular isotope effects were studied in the systems N2-HD, CO-HD, 02-HD and C02-HD (20). Product decomposition directly associated with rupture of OH or OD bonds was not observed in these reactions. Isotope effects in decomposition processes which gave OH + or OD+ from reactions of 02+ with HD and COH+ or COD + from... 

The decomposition of aliphatic peroxides produces oxygen radicals too unstable for paramagnetic measurement. These radicals initiate the polymerization of olefins and give the complex mixtures of decomposition products associated with radical mechanisms. On the other hand, aliphatic peroxides are also capable of polar decomposition reactions, a subject to be taken up in Chapter VIII. The characteristic reactions of the less stable oxygen free radicals are /3-cleavage to form... 

The heat associated with the combustion of an energetic material such as black powder is called the heat of reaction. The heat of explosion is the heat of reaction associated with the rapid decomposition of such a material in an inert atmosphere. 

Equation (57) applies to material transport in tubes and yields an average deviation of 9.5% from the experimental data. An expression of similar form yielded an average deviation of 14.8% for the thermal transport. The ratio of thermal to material transport was found to be 1.09 with an average deviation of 13.7% (S3). Somewhat better agreement with predicted behavior was encountered for the studies on packed beds (S2). These data serve to illustrate the uncertainties which presently exist in the prediction of simultaneous material and thermal transfer under a variety of conditions. Satterfield s work has made a distinct contribution to understanding the macroscopic influences of combined thermal and material transport. Some of the discrepancy he noted may relate to assumptions concerning the nature of the chemical reaction associated with the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 

Any compound or mixture of compounds capable of undergoing an exothermic reaction is a potential monopropellant. In this sense all solid propellants are monopropellants. The term monopropellant however generally is reserved for liquid propellants. The monopropellant may be a single compound such as hydrogen peroxide or propyl nitrate. For hydrogen peroxide, the exothermic reaction is in the form of a decomposition. The exothermic reaction associated with propyl nitrate is better characterized as a fuel-oxidizer reaction, the fuel and oxidizer in... 

Mal tseva et al. investigated the decomposition of Ca(AlH4)2 by DTA experiments which showed several exothermic and endothermic reactions associated with hydrogen evolution [182]. From in situ X-ray diffraction studies and DSC analysis of solvent-free Ca(AlH4)2, it is evident that the decomposition proceeds in three steps (Eqs. (5.37)-(5.39)) [76] ... 

In most of the studies to date, the rate data reflects a significant amount of induced decomposition. The data in large part do not represent a unimolecular process, but instead, a composite of the reactions associated with induced decomposition which are described above. Although our objective is to present unimolecular kinetic data, we have deviated from this objective here since the bulk of the kinetic data for hydroperoxides includes induced decomposition. 

Also remarkable in Scheme 7.2 is the appearance of a final decomposition product associated with a new EPR signal, indicative of the presence of the so-called g = 2.03 dinitrosyls, which are biologically relevant and labile species, active toward vasodilation.57 Their general formula is [Fe(L)2(NO)2], in a pseudotetrahedral arrangement, with L = thiolates, imidazolates, and so on as coligands. In the reported reaction conditions of Scheme 7.2, L should be necessarily cyanide. 

The role of CaO as a catalyst for the steam-char reaction can be inferred from the results obtained during mixed CO2-H2O gasification (figures 3 and 4). In many respects it is desirable to prevent the decomposition of CaCOj to CaO because of the high endothermic heats of reaction associated with this reaction. However, as we have shown, the steam gasification of oil shale char is about ten times slower when CaO is not present. A better evaluation of the importance of CaO requires a knowledge of the dependence of the reaction rate on the quantity of CaO present. 

At these elevated temperatures or when facile proton transfer is not available as a route for decomposition, other reactions assume importance. For the ILs reported to date, thermal decomposition is associated with the cation, the principal reaction proposed being a simple nucleophilic substitution to give volatile products [Eq. (3)],... 

I. Thermodynamic Decomposition Voltage for Membrane and Diaphragm Cells. The primary anodic and cathodic reactions associated with the reaction scheme (140) are ... 

The applications of this technique have been reviewed [68]. In addition to chemical reactions associated with thermal and oxidative decomposition, DSC can also be used to monitor the curing of thermosets (see Section 10.3). Examples are the polymerisation of unsaturated polyester resins, poly-addition of epoxy resins with curing agents, and isocyanates with polyols. 

Heating a fiber to progressively higher temperatures in air will lead to physical as well as chemical changes within the fiber. At sufficiently high temperatures, molecular scission, oxidation, and other complex chemical reactions associated with decomposition of the fiber will occur causing possible discoloration and a severe drop in physical and end-use properties for the fiber. 

The first major objective for the inherent safety review is the development of a good understanding of the hazards involved in the process. Early understanding of these hazards provides time for the development team to implement recommendations of the inherent safety effort. Hazards associated with flammability, pressure, and temperature are relatively easy to identify. Reactive chemistry hazards are not. They are frequently difficult to identify and understand in the lab and pilot plant. Special calorimetry equipment and expertise are often necessary to fully characterize the hazards of runaway reactions and decompositions. Similarly, industrial hygiene and toxicology expertise is desirable to help define and understand health hazards associated with the chemicals employed. 

Vaporous cavitation can remove protective films, such as oxides, from metals and so initiate corrosion . In addition, the very high local pressures and temperatures associated with the final stage of cavity collapse can induce chemical reactions that would not normally occur. Thus certain additives are damaged by cavitation and their decomposition products can be corrosive. 

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