Deciduous hedges

Flowering quinces are spring-blooming deciduous shrubs with alternate leaves and thorny branches. The plants are used as deciduous hedges, in foundation plantings, or in shrub borders. 

Barberries are spiny deciduous or ever- Ti-en shrubs commonly used as hedges, rarriers. or foundation plants. 

Hawthorns are small, thorny, deciduous trees with alternate leaves and showy, white, pink, or red flowers. Hawthorns make attractive specimen trees, barriers, or hedges. 

Deutzias are a group of low-growing, deciduous, spring-blooming shrubs of rounded form. They are excellent in the shrub border or massed as an informal hedge. 

Euonymus are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, or vines, always with opposite leaves and generally with toothed leaves. Shrubby species are good for hedges or specimen plants vining species are great as ground-covers or on walls. 

Forsythia is the most well-known springflowering, deciduous shrub. It is effective tis a hedge, grouped for landscape accent, or in a shrub border. 

Hollies are deciduous or evergreen trees r shrubs with alternate leaves. The male iri female flowers are borne on different t ts female plants produce striking red or Tuck fruit. Hollies are useful as foundation siirubs. accent plants, informal hedges, and specimen plants. 

Privets are opposite-leaved, deciduous or evergreen shrubs. They are easy to grow and readily lend themselves to pruning, which helps explain their popularity for hedges. 

Lindens are deciduous shade trees, principally valued for their foliage. Their summer flowers are fragrant and attractive to bees. Lindens are widely used as street trees and, because they adapt well to pruning, for tall hedges. 

Hawthorn is a spiny, small tree or bush with white flowers and red berries (haws), each containing one to three nuts, depending on the species (1). Hybridization is common among individual species, making them difficult to identify (2). Hawthorn is a member of the rose family and is found in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia (3). It can reach heights of 25-30 ft and is used as a hedge (1,4). The flowers grow in clusters and bloom from April to June, and the deciduous leaves are divided into three, four, or five lobes (1). The use of hawthorn can be dated back to Dioscorides in the first century ce (5). 

A. M. Cummings, J. L. Hedge and J. Laskey, Ketoconazole impairs early pregnancy and the decidual cell response via alterations in ovarian function, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol, 1997, 40, 238-246. 

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