Databases incompatibility between

In terms of more conventional modelling it is surprising to find that there is still incompatibility between databases that handle complex metallic materials and slags. Sound databases exist for both separately but as yet there is no major integrated database that can handle the very important area of overlap. In terms of a total materials modelling capability it is clearly of benefit to have one self-consistent database rather than a series of separate ones to span a greater range of applications. 

One can study the incompatibility between solvents produced by correlation of their intermolecular forces as charaderized by and enumerated with Hansen Solubility Parameters. The considerable data of water solubility in many cleaning solvents is a useful database°°°. It can be studied in terms of the separation between water and solvent in "HSP space." The illustrations contained in Table 3.9 allow the compatibility of water with specific cleaning solvents to be visually examined with three-dimensional images , and also the solubility of water in many cleaning solvents to be recognized by measured data (Figure 3.35). 

Information access breakdowns occur when pertinent information has been stored but it either cannot be accessed for technical reasons or for some reason cannot be found in a meaningful or expedient manner for a particular application. Technical reasons can include legacy databases that are not connected with current systems, incompatibility issues between systems, problems of localized access (information can only be accessed within a site, a group or domain area, or even a personal computer), and authentication (people do not have the required authority to access information they need or cannot remember usernames and passwords). 

S. Hyphae of a het-s strain can fuse with another het-s strain, but not with a strain (Fig. 8). The /tet-5 locus encodes a 289 residue protein with no similarity to other proteins in the database (Turcq et al, 1991 Turcq et al, 1990). The difference between het-s and het-S is 14 amino acids, with the residue 33 difference critical to produce the heterokaryon incompatibility reaction (Deleu et al, 1993). 

Reliability of thermodynamic data in program databases are often a subject of controversy. Constants AS AH AZ ° from different sources for the same compound may turn out incompatible. This difference is especially prominent at comparison of the data from domestic and foreign sources. For instance, free enthalpy of KH PO formation after Kraynov et al. (2004) is -1,411.4 kJ-mole and after Lances Handbook of Chemistry (1999) -1,622.85 kj-mole" in case of H AsO " the same parameter has values -593,73 and -587,22 kj-mole in the same sources. Errors associated with this show up at the determination of pH, SI, etc. There is some level of consent between commonly available databases for most common minerals and water components. This does not mean, however, that the results are equally correct or precise. Sometimes it is caused by different notions of precision and correctness. The responsibihty for errors caused by database parameters is on the user, not on the program creator. For this reason critical evaluation of the utilized database by the user is a must. He has the right to edit his databases on his sole discretion regardless of the nature and intent of the program. In this connection he must be appraised of the current literature and current changes in necessary thermodynamic constants. 

They produce redundancy and incompatibility. In addition to redundant and incompatible user interfaces, closed systems foster data redundancy, hardware and software incompatibility, duplication of programs and duplication of security schemes. In some cases, the user or programmer finds it easier to re-enter data that already reside in an existing database than to build a bridge to extract the information. Clearly, such duplication makes maintenance of consistency between data in various databases a major challenge. Each level of redundancy compounds the problem. Not only are direct costs increased unnecessarily, but the integrity, accuracy, and security of information are threatened. 

Poor data quality can be attributed to three major causes, namely human error, systematic error and system incompatibility. Human errors are especially common among organizations where updating of databases is dominated by manual entries. On the other hand, systematic error arises when there is lack of standardization on the formats of information that is exchanged between entities (both internal and external) of a company s supply chain. This lack of standardization makes the exchanged information extremely prone to error. Lastly, system incompatibility usually arises when a company s IT infrastructure is equipped with multiple software systems that are not... 

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