Data mining principles

Hand D, Mannila H, Smyth P. Principles of Data Mining. Cambridge The MIT Press, 2001. 

Clarke B, Fokoue E, Zhang HH (2009) Principles and theory for data mining and machine learning. JAm Stat Assoc 106(493) 379-380... 

Developments in mass spectrometry technology, together with the availability of extensive DNA and protein sequence databases and software tools for data mining, has made possible rapid and sensitive mass spectrometry-based procedures for protein identification. Two basic types of mass spectrometers are commonly used for this purpose MALDI-TOF-MS and ESI-MS. MALDI-TOF instruments are now quite common in biochemistry laboratories and are very simple to use, requiring no special training. ESI instruments, usually coupled to capillary/nanoLC systems, are more complex and require expert operators. We will therefore focus on the use of MALDI-TOF-MS, although the sample preparation is identical for both methods. The principle behind the use of MALDI-TOF-MS for protein identification is that the digestion... 

The center of this technology is an expert system for crude assay generation. This expert system, which includes a set of mathematical algorithms based in powerful data-mining techniques and first-principle models, may generate a complete crude oil evaluation from variable levels of information available. 

D similarity and substructure searching are among the most widely used methods for mining structural data (9). The basic principle of these methods is that compounds with structural features in common will have similar properties,... 

Attempts to manage specialized scientific information have given birth to the new discipline of informatics. The branch of informatics that deals primarily with genomic (sequence) data is bioinformatics, whereas cheminformatics deals with chemically oriented data. Informatics examines the way people work with computer-based information. Computers can access huge warehouses of information in the form of databases. Effective mining of these databases can, in principle, lead to knowledge. 

Acidity is a major limitation to soil productivity in much of the world. Although acidification is a natural process in many soil environments, agricultural practices and pollution from industrial, mining, and other human activities have accelerated the process. It is important that acidity be understood in terms of its fundamental chemistry so that soil management and remediation schemes are based on sound principles rather than empirical knowledge that may only be locally relevant. This chapter attempts to provide this understanding, and uses some example field data to illustrate important principles. 

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