Data interpretation overview

This chapter gives an overview of GC/MS analytical procedures used for lipid determination, and a summary of the complex issue of lipid chromatographic data interpretation in paintings and archaeological objects. Some examples and case studies are also included. 

Here we present a brief overview of separations approaches, with a focus on the data that are derived from different methods and on phenomena in the seprarations approach that lead to challenges in data interpretation. This is followed by a discussion of approaches that exist for the chemometric interpretation of seprarations data, spreofrc challenges that arise in the chemometric treatment of these data, and solutions that have been implemented to deal with these challenges. 

The strong influence of the surface conditions on the emissivity and lack of information in the literature concerning pre-treatment make it difficult to interpret emissivity data. An overview of emissivity measurements for W, Nb, and Ta at 684.5 nm from 1500 °C up to the liquid phase using laser polarimetry is given in [1.130]. 

IM separations (Section 1.2), an overview of IM-MS instrumentation (Section 1.3), and data interpretation in IM-MS conformation space (Section 1.4). Materials, methods, and protocols for performing imaging IM-MS of complex biological samples are then detailed (Sections 2 and 3). 

In addition to those cellular lipid functions introduced earlier, some classes of these lipids possess some other unique functions in cellular processes, which should be recognized and are very useful for data interpretation. In this section, some examples of these lipid classes and their cellular functions (Table 16.1) are overviewed. 

The purpose of this contribution is to discuss recent developments in food aroma analysis from the chemist s point of view. It will particularly focus on qualitative aroma composition obtained by GC-O. Potential and limitations of the GC-0 approach will be discussed and comments made to allow a more realistic interpretation of data. This overview is addressed to flavor scientists from both industry and academia. 

The methodological advances just presented have brought the field of nucleic acid force field calculations to a point where results from the calculations can be used with reasonable confidence to aid in the interpretation of experimental data as well as to be used for scientific investigations that are not accessible to experiment. Accordingly, a number of studies based on MD simulations, as well as other methods, have been undertaken to study a wide array of biologically relevant events associated with DNA. A brief overview of some of these efforts follows. 

In order to obtain for all receptors within all receptor areas (grids), a first good approach is to interpret and extrapolate data by deriving relationships (transfer functions) between the data mentioned before and basic land and climate characteristics, such as land use, soil type, elevation, precipitation, temperature, etc. A summarizing overview of the data acquisition approach is given in Table 7. 

The series of Risk Assessment Guidelines includes a guideline for neurotoxicity risk assessment (US-EPA 1998). This Guideline sets forth principles and procedures to guide US-EPA scientists in evaluating environmental contaminants that may pose neurotoxic risks, and inform US-EPA decision-makers and the public about these procedures. The Guideline includes a discussion of general dehnitions and issues, an overview of test methods, and the interpretation of data within the U.S. framework for risk assessment. 

In the overview of structure-property relationships that follows, it should be borne in mind tliat these comparisons are (wherever possible) for those materials where hydrogen has been replaced with fluorine. Cases in the literature where dramatically different monomer structures are used for the fluorinated and unfluorinated polyimides cannot easily be interpreted for effects of fluorine, although such comparisons are often casually made in the literature anyway. For instance, to ascribe die property differences in PMDA-ODA and 6FDA-0DA to fluorine substitution is of little value toward understanding the effect of fluorine, though this is often die extent to which data are available. 

Section 2.2.1 summarizes the spectroscopic measurements that have been performed to examine the dynamics of water molecules in hydrate versus ice networks. Sections 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 provide a brief overview of the mechanical and thermal properties, respectively, of hydrates compared to ice. Characterization of these properties will aid in facilitating the accurate interpretation of data obtained from in situ detection measurements of natural hydrates. These natural hydrates occur in sediments in permafrost and marine environments. The hydrate mechanical and thermal properties are also important in the evaluation of the location and distribution of natural hydrates in sediments. (Further details are given in Chapter 7—Hydrates in the Earth.)... 

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