Daisy, Chrysanthemum

The pyrethrum daisies Chrysanthemum (=Tanacetum) cinerariifolium and C. cocci neum contain several compounds that kill insect pests on contact. You can purchase this insecticide in several forms The dried flqwer heads are called pyrethtum, while the extmeted active ingredients are called pyrethrin. (Pyrethroids are synthetic versions of the insecticide that are even more toxic to insects.)... 

Chromolaena (thoroughwort) Chrysactinia (chrysactinia) Chrysoma (chrysoma) Chrysanthemum (daisy) Chrysogonum (chrysogonum) Chrysopsis (golden aster) Chrysothamnus (rabbit brush) Cichorium (chicory)... 

Leaves and flowers greenish yellow, distorted new growth spindly. Cause Viral diseases. Chrysanthemums are prone to several viruses, which are spread by sucking insects such as aphids and leafhoppers. Control such pests to limit virus problems. Remove and destroy infected plants do not compost them. Wash tools used around infected plants. Viruses overwinter in perennials and weeds such as daisies and plantains. 

Tanacetum parthenium Schulz-Bip, formerly Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh, Leucanthemum parthenium (L.) Gren and Gordon, Pyrethum parthenium (L.) Sm also described as a member of the genus Matricaria (1,4) featherfew, altamisa, bachelor s button, featherfoil, febrifuge plant, midsummer daisy, nosebleed, Santa Maria, wild chamomile, wild quinine (1), amargosa, flirtwort, manzanilla, mutterkraut, varadika (4). 

ARNICA FLOWERS are the flower heads of Arnica montana L, family Asteraceae. The flowers contain sesquiterpenes such as helenalin and dihydrohelenalin which have antiinflammatory and analgesic effects which explain the popularity of Arnica as a remedy for bruises and aches and sprains. It must be stressed that Arnica should not be used internally because of cardiotoxicity. Equally important is the fact that the sesquiterpenes, like most if not all of those from the Asteraceae (e.g. in Chamomile and Yarrow), are highly allergenic and patients must be advised to discontinue use if a skin reaction develops and to avoid Arnica and Chamomile if they are known to have a sensitivity to other Asteraceae such as Asters, Daisies and Chrysanthemums. 

E.3 ContactedlerpfensThc sesquiterpene lactones of the Asteraceae, e.g. chrysanthemums, asters and daisies, are well-known causes of contact allergic dermatitis. Patients with such allergies should avoid (and should be advised to avoid) herbs such as Artemisia (Mugwort), Chamomile, Yarrow (Achillea). Feverfew, Echinacea-inA Arnica because of cross-sensitisation. 

Ecuador into the U.S. The active principals are pyrethrins I and II, cinerins I and II, and jasmolin I and II, collectively known as pyrethrins. Pyrethrins are used extensively in stock sprays, pet sprays, household sprays, aerosols, and food protection in warehouses. Pyrethrins are stable for long periods in water-based aerosols, in which modern emulsifiers are used. Dermatitis from natural pyrethrins usually occurs on parts of the body exposed to the spray. The substance is a moderately potent allergic sensitizer. Crossreactions occur among pyrethrum, chrysanthemum, shasta daisy, and ragweed oleo resin [31, 32]. Asthma and urticaria have also been reported as reactions to natural pyrethrin [33, 34]. In 1972, Mitchell et al. found that a sesquiterpene lactone, pyrethrosin, was the chief allergen in pyrethrin [35]. Contact dermatitis due to pyrethrum is usually mild, but bullous reactions have been reported [36]. In Denmark, positive patch-test reactions to pyrethrum were obtained in 1-2% of dermatitis patients [37]. 

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