D-Glucuronides

Neopterin cyclophosphate Neopterin 2, 3 -cyclic phosphate Neopterin 3 -/3-D-glucuronide Neopterin 3 -triphosphate 6-(L-t/ reo-l, 2, 3 -Trihydroxypropyl)pterin ... 

Stevenson, D.E. and Hubl, U. (1999) Optimization of /3-D-glucuronide synthesis using UDP-glucuronyl transferase Enzyme and Microbial Technology 24, 388-396. 

Huang, L., Smit, J. W., Meijer, D. K., Vore, M., Mrp2 is essential for estradiol-17beta( beta-D-glucuronide)-induced cholestasis in rats, Hepatology 2000, 32, 66-72. 

Chen ZS, Lee K, Kruh GD. Transport of cyclic nucleotides and estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide by multidrug resistance protein 4 Resistance to 6-mercap-topurine and 6-thioguanine. J Biol Chem 2001 276(36) 33747—33754. 

Dutton, G.J. and tiling, H.P.A. (1972) Mechanism of biosynthesis of thio-p-D-glucuronides and thio-p-D-glucosides. 

Loe, D.W., Almquist, K.C., Cole, S.P. and Deeley, R.G. (1996) ATP-dependent 17 beta-estradiol 17 - (beta-D-glucuronide) transport by multidrug resistance protein (MRP). Inhibition by cholestatic steroids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 9683-9689. 

Teo S, Vore M. 1990. Mirex exposure inhibits the uptake of 17beta-estradiol (beta-D-glucuronide), taurocholate, and L-alanine into isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 104(3) 411- 420. 

The same strategy was applied in colon-specific delivery of two corticosteroids used to treat inflammatory bowel disease [20][21], Indeed, budeso-nide /3-D-glucuronide and dexamethasone /3-D-glucuronide underwent ready hydrolysis in the luminal contents of rat colon and caecum. Rat mucosal homogenates were less active, and hydrolysis in human fecal samples was quite low. Based on these and other studies, the prodrugs were found to be suitable candidates for delivery of corticosteroids to the large intestine. 

B. Haeberlin, W. Rubas, H. W. Nolen III, D. R. Friend, In vitro Evaluation of Dexa-methasone-/ -D-glucuronide for Colon-Specific Drug Debvery , Pharm. Res. 1993, 10, 1553 - 1562. 

W. H. Chem, W. C. Dauterman, Studies on the Metabolism and Excretion of 1-Naph-thol, l-Naphthyl-/3-D-Glucuronide, and l-Naphthyl-/Ti)-Glucoside in the Mouse , Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1983, 67, 303 - 309. 

Hupka et al. [29] developed a method for the determination of morphine and its phase II metabolites, morphine-3-beta-D-glucuronide and morphine-6-beta-D-glucuronide in the blood of heroin victims. The method is based on immunoaffinity SPE, RP-HPLC isocratic separation (mobile phase 90% lOmmol KH2PO4, 2mmol 1-heptanesulfonic acid, adjusted to pH 2.5 with H3PO4 and 10% acetonitrile flow rate 1.5 mL/min), and laser-induced native fluorescence detection. 

Drugs and drug-adjuvants p-D-glucuronides (Novartis Pfear 1999). Biotransftjrmation of FK-506 (Merck, Rahway, NJ Chen 1999) and synthetic CGP 62706 (Novartis). 

Pfaar, U. Gygax, D. Gertsch, W. Winkler, T. Ghisalba, O. (1999) Enzymatic synthesis of p-D-glucuronides in an enzyme membrane reactor. Chimia, 53, 590-3. 

Chen, X. et al., Quantitation of the flavonoid wogonin and its major metabolite wogonin-7 3-D-glucuronide in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B, 775, 169, 2002. 

Shirai, M., Moon, J.H., Tsushida, T., and Terao, J., Inhibitory effect of a quercetin metabolite, quercetin 3-0-p-D-glucuronide, on lipid peroxidation in liposomal membranes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 5602, 2001. 

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