Cylindrical Depth Charge

Depth charges and their expls 3 D85-D87 cylindrical 3 D86 projector missiles 3 D86—D87 teardrops depth charge 3 D86... 

The method is based on the measurement of the dent depth in a steel witness plate produced by the detonation of a cylindrical explosive charge positioned on the plate. 

The nitrator sketched in Fig. 143 is a cylindrical stoneware vessel of internal diameter 1.1m and depth 0.4 m, strengthened with an iron belt. Its conical bottom is fitted with an outlet pipe. A three-way valve is provided for evacuating and filling the vessel with acid. Inside the vessel there is a perforated stoneware plate to support the cotton charge. Twenty five to twenty nine centimeters above this plate supports carry a perforated aluminium plate 15 mm thick, which acts as a false... 

Accdg to Ref 1, the Japanese cylindrical charges were equipped with a device called pistol to detonate the chge at a definite depth- The pistol was housed in a central tube running along the axis of the cylindrical body. 

Electrophoretic measurements by the microscope method are complicated by the simultaneous occurrence of electro-osmosis. The internal glass surfaces of the cell are usually charged, which causes an electro-osmotic flow of liquid near to the tube walls together with (since the cell is closed) a compensating return flow of liquid with maximum velocity at the centre of the tube. This results in a parabolic distribution of liquid speeds with depth, and the true electrophoretic velocity is only observed at locations in the tube where the electro-osmotic flow and return flow of the liquid cancel. For a cylindrical cell the stationary level is located at 0.146 of the internal diameter from... 

The dent volume or the dent depth formed after detonation of an unconfined cylindrical charge of 35 mm 0 on a steel... 

Underwater explosion at small depth result in the formation of vertical directed ejections, or spouts, on a free surface. Their jet character (Fig. 2) was revealed and analysed within the framework of a plane statement, when a cylindrical charge was placed normally to two parallel planes, an optically transparent part of... 

The plate dent test is described in Chapter 5 and in reference 35. The plate dent test consists of detonating a cylindrical charge of explosive in contact with a heavy steel plate and measuring the depth of the dent produced in the plate. The depth of the dent correlates with the C-J pressure as shown in Figure 2.21 for most explosives. The depth of the dent in the plate dent experiment is much greater for tungsten or lead-loaded explosives than expected for their observed detonation pressure. For example, a 60/30/10 volume percent RDX/Pb/Exon at 4.6 g/cc has a detonation pressure of 150 kbar as determined by metal plate acceleration data and 345 kbar as determined by the plate dent vs. C-J pressure correlation described in reference 35. The experimentally measured detonation velocity is 0.5012 cm//iis. The BKW-calculated C-J pressure is 270 kbar and velocity is 0.5096 cm/)us. Similar calculated results are obtained whether the lead is considered as compressible or incompressible and whether the lead is in temperature and pressure equilibrium with the detonation products or is in pressure equilibrium alone. 

FIGURE 29.26 Effect of depth of discharge on cycle life at 20 C for sealed cylindrical nickel-metal hydride batteries. Cycle conditions charge 0.25C, 3.2 h discharge 0.25C, 2.4 h. Capacity measurement charge 0.3C, 5 h, every 50 cycles, discharge 0.3C, 5 h. (Courtesy of Duracell, Inc.)... 

Most commercial ISS equipment only analyzes for charged particles, and particles that are neutralized on reflection are lost. The energy of the scattered ion is typically analyzed by an electrostatic sector analyzer or a cylindrical mirror analyzer. Ions for bombardment are provided by an ion source. Depth profiling can be done using sputter profiling techniques. 

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