Cycle ratio

Blade Material Volt Phase Cycle Ratio ... 

In stock market investment, the investor follows trends, cycles, ratio between dividends and interest on savings accounts, etc., to help increase his monetary value. In betting on horses, deciding whether to carry an umbrella, when it is safe to cross the street -all the elements of a statistical decision are present, and all of us, at one time or another, weigh the evidence, apply the rule of thumb, and make the decision. We are all statisticians so why all the fuss 1... 

Because LIS itself has the nature of efficient micromixing, the circulation of the suspension inside the crystallizer in large amounts is not necessary, but in a small amount, i.e., the cycling ratio in the impinging stream crystallizer is very small (< 2), yielding lower power consumption ... 

Fig. 2 Daily dynamics of the xanthophylls cycle (ratio of diadinoxanthin to diatoxanthin dt dd) plotted alongside irradiance (photons m-2 s 1 solid line). (A) Iron-limited cells. (B) Iron-replete cells...

Duty cycle Ratio of on time of the switch to the period of switching. 

As to the damage progression during the application of a train or history of loads of equal amplitude cr, or Si the first hypothesis that comes to mind is that damage is related to the ratio between the number of applied cycles n,- and the allowable cycles Ni at that stress or strain amplitude, known as cycle ratio... 

Note that it is not done, at this time, any hypothesis about the time history of load spectra application that can be arbitrary. Fatigue failure occurs when this summation reaches the value of the critical damage D r for the particular material. Consider, for example, a block of three-step spectra of constant amplitude stress S > S2> Sj. Values of the respective cycle ratios n/V,-, with i = 1, 2, 3, can be deducted from the S-N diagram of the material, as shown in Fig. 8.16. Fatigue failure occurs when, as said, the total damage introduced by the three load spectra reaches the value of the critical damage... 

Equation (8.49) is based on a prff expression derived from the cycles ratio given by Eq. (8.47). There is another expression for the prff based on the PSD. For the narrow-band process this expression is... 

Grover, H.J. An observation concerning the cycle ratio in cumulative damage. ASTM STP 274, 120-124 (1960)... 

In a previous work (1), we established that the damage factor evolution is independent of load level and number of cycles to failure, provided the tests duration remains short enough (pure fatigue tests). Under these conditions, the damage factor gains continuously increasing values that depend only on the cycle ratio to failure (Fig.2) ... 

FIGURE 2 Damage factor in terms of cycle ratio to failure (1),... 

Although its applicability to repeated sequences of identical loading cycles is not ensured, recent advances assert its validity for random cyclic loading (4). For concrete subjected to stress reversals, we assume that the cycle ratio to failure accumulates separately for the compressive part of the cycle on the one hand, and for the tensile part on the other hand. In the latter case, we introduce a tensile damage factor increasing as the cumulative cycle ratio to failure. Thus, tensile failure occurs as soon as the tensile damage factor reaches unity. 

As assumed before, the expended cycle ratio to failure is supposed to accumulate by simple addition. Local failure occurs when the local Miner s svimm reaches unity (Eq.6). When all of the area elements have failed, the failure of the prism is completed. The validity of our model has been established in a previous paper (1). 

The depth y-j of the compression zone enlarges with the cycle ratio to failure (Fig.6 - h is assumed equal to unity). The neutral axis overlaps the initial crack tip, causing the uncracked tension zone to vanish early. Thereby, it may be conclude that initial tension cracks cannot lengthen in RC flexural members subjected to pure bending fatigue. 

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