Separators/accumulators

For rough sizing check of vapor/liquid separators and accumulators, see the Fluor method in Chapter 8, Separators/Accumulators—Vapor/Liquid calculation method. 

The sizing procedure is presented in Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems (AIChE-CCPS, 1998). Figure 23-53 shows the dimensions of a cyclone separator designed in accordance with this procedure. If liquid is continuously drained from the cyclone to a separate accumulator, a vortex breaker and false bottom should be used (Fig. 23-53, view BB). 

An aerosol is a dispersion of discrete particles in a stream of gas. Starch and cellulose aerosols are potential fire hazards in granaries where friction between the moving, micronized particles causes electrification, whereupon separate accumulations of positive and negative charges may discharge as an electric spark and ignite the combustible solute (contact electrification synonymous with triboelectrification Ross and Morrison, 1988). 

The catalyst is not sensitive to sulfur or other 0x0 poisons. Together with the simple but effective decanting operation which allows organic impurities and other byproducts to be removed at the very moment of separation, accumulation of activity-decreasing poisons in the catalyst solution is prevented. Therefore, no special pretreatment or even purification steps are necessary. The 0x0 catalyst HRh(CO)(TPPTS)3 is produced within the 0x0 reactor simply by reacting suitable Rh salts with TPPTS without any additional preformation step. Typical reaction conditions and compositions of crude products from the RCH/RP process based on a 14-year average are compiled in Table 3. 

In-line retention of electro-active chemical species, separation, accumulation at a specific manifold site and further release can be accomplished by taking advantage of electrolytic deposition, as originally demonstrated in the determination of lead in high-purity sodium chloride and sodium sulphate reagents by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry [303]. Selectivity was improved because the analyte was electro-deposited inside a 3 iL flow cell, thus separating it from the bulk matrix. By optimising the operation of a potentiostat linked to the flow cell, a deposition efficiency of 70% and analyte dissolution in 40 pLof eluent were reported. With a 3 min in-line concentration, a detection limit of 1.2 ng L-1 was achieved. 

Figure 3.2-7 illustrates the potential problem with liquid re-entrainment if some of these measures are not applied. The horizontal liquid protector plate, which separates accumulated liquid from swirling gates is prohebly best supported by vessel wall be dies. This prevan Is rotation of the collected liquid and re-enlrainmenl. 

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