Cybernetic modeling

M. Altintas, B. Kirdar, Z. I. Onsan and K. Olgen. 2002, Cybernetic Modelling of growth and ethanol produetion in a leeombinant Saccharomyees eeievisiae strain secreting a bifiinctional fusion protein. Process Biochem., 37, 1439-1445. 

The long range goal continues to be to relate the metabolic activities of cell cultures to bioreactor control. Early studies focused on measuring the respiration quotient and rate of ammonia addition for pH control and combining these measurements with elemental and microscopic balances to predict behavior of batch, fed-batch, and continuous yeast cultures. Cybernetic models continue to be studied with the goal of using these models to control bioreactors. ... 

While a truly detailed model would actually be concerned with details of this implementation (even if it is not viewed as such) they are of no concern to the cybernetic model. There is of course no direct way of confirming an optimal strategy so that its acceptability must be based on experimental evidence pertaining to its implications. This has been the basis of some criticism of the cybernetic approach [6], It is emphasized here that formulations of optimal policies must be construed merely as innovative description (prediction) of observed phenomena rather than as "ultimate" explanations. In this connection, it is important to recognize that the approach could lead to many new and interesting experiments. An example of the cybernetic approach to microbial growth may be found in the work of Swanson, Arls Fredrickson and Tsuchiya [7,8], who were specially concerned with the lag phase in single substrate systems. 

Man and machine are embedded in their environment. The latter is the third important cornerstone within the basic cybernetic model. Accidents and loss on the part of the machine, caused by the operation of the machine by man, may have a deleterious effect on the environment. On the other hand, there are a multitude of natural processes within the environment, eg., earthquakes and disastrous storms, etc., as well as disasters of a technical origin, like fires or explosions, which have a damaging effect on the machine. 

Young JD, Henne KL, Morgan JA, Konopka AE, Ramkrishna D (2(X)8) Integrating cybernetic modeling with pathway analysis provides a dynamic, systems-level description of metabolic control. Biotechnol Bioeng 100 542-559... 

Metabolic control analysis Kinetic modeling Biochemical systems theory Cybernetic modeling... 

The cybernetic model of system control is based on the assumption that one can achieve at best only some approximation of what he aims at. Therefore, salvation lies in rapid detection of error and adjustment to correct for that error. this cybernetic model... makes it natural to think of the second-order consequences of one s actions. Error is not a rare phenomenon that occurs because of bad planning and inept control. It is the natural and inevitable outcome of all purposive action. ... 

Telega J.J., Lewinski T. (1994) Mathematical aspects of modelling the macroscopic behaviour of cross-ply laminates with intralaminar cracks. Control and Cybernetics 23 (3), 773-792. 

Onwimah IN (2002) Quantitative modelling of crude oil toxicity using the approach of cybernetics and structmed mechanisms of microbial processes. Environ Monit Assess 76(2) 157-166... 

Du, R, et al., Modeling gene expression networks using fuzzy logic, IEEE Trans. Sys. Man Cybernet. Part B - Cybernet., 35,1351,2005. 

I disciplined myself, in those days, getting up at 4 30 A.M. to study books on cybernetics, and insisting on boring my fellow residents with a ccmputer model I had made from bendable soda straws, tinker toy parts, paper clips and marbles. Success and failure were equally stimulating and nothing seemed to faze me for long. I was young, carefree and passionate. 

We do such things using mind. And what is mind We haven t a clue. Twenty-thousand years from nomadic hunting and gathering to cybernetics and spaceflight. And we are still accelerating. There are yet more waves to come. From the Model-T Ford to the starship one hundred years. From the fastest man on earth being able to move thirty miles per hour to nine miles per second sixty years. 

Finally, consider the Kurzweil Cybernetic Poet, a computer poetry program that uses human-written poems as input to create new poems with word-sequence models based on the poems it has just read. When these computer poems are placed side by side with human poems, it is difficult to determine which poems were made by humans and which by the Cybernetic Poet. 

Figure 8.13 Neural network for color classification and color constancy. (Redrawn from Figure 6ab (page 299) from Dufort PA and Lumsden CJ 1991 Color categorization and color constancy in a neural network model of V4. Biological Cybernetics, Springer-Verlag, Vol. 65, pp. 293-303, Copyright Springer-Verlag 1991, with kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media.)...

Dufort PA and Lumsden CJ 1991 Color categorization and color constancy in a neural network model of V4. Biological Cybernetics 65, 293-303. 

The next step is choice of research subject model. It has been said before that design of experiments rests on cybernetic concepts about the research subject. A black box> is therefore recommended as the research subject model, which will be affected by various controllable factors. The defining principles of such a model cor-... 

Knight B.W., Manin D., Sirovich L. Dynamical models of interacting neuron populations. In EC Gerf ed. Symposium-on Robotics and Cybernetics Computational Engineering in Systems Applications, 1996, Cite Scientifique, Lille, France. 

Woods, E. A., The Hybrid phenomena theory A framework integrating structural descriptions with state space modeling and simulation. Dr. Ing. Thesis, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian Institute of Technology (1993). 

Chafekar, D., Shi, L., Rasheed, K. and Xuan, J. (2005). Multiobjective GA optimization using reduced models, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C 35, 2, pp. 261-265. 

Implicit in this paradigm is the notion that the cybernetic sequence is embedded in the neural, knowledge base, and learned internal models and can be mapped by defining the differential change in mental, disciplinary structural, and expert models. 

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