Hybrid phenomena theory

Woods, E. A., The Hybrid phenomena theory A framework integrating structural descriptions with state space modeling and simulation. Dr. Ing. Thesis, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian Institute of Technology (1993). 

For the purpose of the design of engineering systems, another approach is proposed by Gofuku (1994), which is based on goals, functions, structure, and derivation of behaviors. This approach is implemented using Smalltalk-80. Such approach combines Multilevel Flow Modeling (MFM) and the Hybrid Phenomena Theory (HPT). 

Woods, E.A. The Hybrid Phenomena Theory, Doctorial Book of Norwegian Institute of Technology, 1993. 

Although this phenomenon represents an exception to the rules, it s somewhat less annoying than other exceptions because hybridization allows for the nicely symmetrical orbital geometries of actual atoms within actual molecules. VSEPR theory presently clears its throat to point out that the negative charge of the electrons within the hybridized orbitals causes those equivalent orbitals to spread as far apart as possible from one another. As a result, the geometry of sp -hybridized methane (CH ), for example, is beautifully tetrahedral. 

The word hybridization means mixing and when used in the context of atomic orbitals, it describes a way of deriving spatially directed orbitals which may be used within VB theory. Like aU bonding theories, orbital hybridization is a model, and should not be taken to be a real phenomenon. 

The latest contributions of physicists and the theoretical chemists to the explanation of this phenomenon stem from the results of ab initio and density functional theory calculations., which refute the previous s-d hybridization proposed by the extended Htickel theory. They suggest that the metallophilic attraction can be considered a correlation effect strengthened by the relativistic effect, which is important in the case of gold. ... 

The diffusion of the interfacial system is similar to the dissolving process of substances. They are all hybrid processes. The diffusion effect leads to the Interface becoming fuzzy and even disappearing (e.g., solid dissolved in liquid). The diffusion process correlates with molecular weight, flexibility, temperature, solvent, plasticizer, and other factors of the molecular chain. The interface diffusion between the polymer matrix and the filler could improve bonding performance. However, the diffusion theory cannot explain the adhesion phenomenon between the polymer matrix and inorganic reinforced material without interfacial diffusion. 

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