Cyanides Chemicals Company

Cyanides and Chemicals Company (India) Degussa-Huls (Geiinany)... 

Potassium cyanide was purchased from Alfa Aesar Chemical Company and used without further purification. 

The submitters used reagent-grade solvents and reagents without further purification. The yield of 2-hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitrile was 76% when the checkers used technical-grade benzyl cyanide purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan. The yield was improved to 81% with distilled material, b.p. 75-77° (3 mm.). Benzyl cyanide is also available from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. 

Satisfactory results were obtained with potassium cyanide, 96-98% purity, from General Chemical Company or with material indicated as of 95% minimum purity, from Merck Co., Inc. If... 

Facilities producing sodium cyanide and their annual capacity (in millions of pounds) include Cyanco Co., Winnemucca, Nevada (28) Degussa Corporation, Theodore, Alabama (60) Du Pont Chemical Company, Memphis, Tennessee (250) and Texas City, Texas (100) and FMC Corporation, Green River, Wyoming (60) (SRI 1995). 

Du Pont Chemical Company. 1971. Myocardial infarction, mortality, and sickness absenteeism among employees in the sodium cyanide area of the Memphis Plant [unpublished study]. 

Cuprous cyanide was used as purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. Trace amounts of copper(ll) may cause dimerization of the phenylacetylene. 

Trimethylsilyl cyanide was prepared shortly before use according to the procedure of Livinghouse, T, Org. Synth. 1980, SO, 126-132. The checkers used trimethylsilyl cyanide as supplied from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. 

Copper(l) cyanide is purchased from the Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. and is dried in an Abderhalden apparatus at 56°C for ca. 2 days before use. Caution Copper(l) cyanide is very toxic. 

The 1 1 complex is conveniently prepared by dissolving 0.652 g (10 mmol) of pulverized potassium cyanide and 2.640 g (10 mmol) of commercial 18-crown-6 (Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.) in 45 mL of anhydrous methanol by swirling and warming. The methanol is then evaporated at a rotary evaporator and the white complex dried in vacuo over night. 

Potassium or sodium cyanide can be purchased from many chemical companies rather cheaply and in bulk. If you... 

Copper(l) cyanide, 99%, purchased from the Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., was used as received and stored in an Abderhalden desiccator over potassium hydroxide. It is quickly weighed out on a bench-top balance. 

Bromobutanenitrile was obtained from Lancaster Synthesis Ltd. Alternatively it can be prepared from 1,3-dibromopropane and potassium cyanide using the procedure of Derrick and Henry. Lithium wire (3.2 nri diameter, containing ca. 0.01% sodium) and propargyl alcohol were obtained from the Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. The latter was dried with potassium carbonate and then distilled prior to use. 

Clarke et al. [16] has shown that low-resolution Raman spectroscopy (LRRS) can be combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the determination of cyanide in water. The enhanced characteristic band of CN at 2134 cm is so prominent and is located in a portion of the spectral band, normally not populated by peaks from other organic compounds. The much lower cost LRRS spectrometer can be used to detect the presence of CN at these trace level concentrations. T e sample consisted of a solution of 2-3 mL of the different sizes of gold colloid (5, 10, and 20 mn. Sigma chemical company) with 1-2 mL of cyanide samples, mixed at room temperature and SERS spectra were recorded from this mixture to detect trace amounts of cyanide. 

Many companies spiecialize in the production of chemicals grouped in chemical trees characterized by the same chemical roots (compounds) or the same/similar method of manufacturing. Examples are the Lonza trees based upon (I) hydrogen cyanide, (2) ketene (H2C=C=0) and diketene (4-methyleneoxetan-2-one), and (3) nitrogen heterocycles. A different t3q)e of tree is that of DSM Chemie Linz, which branches out from ozonolysis as the core technology (Stinson, 1996). Wacker Chemie has developed its chemical tree leading to acetoacetates, other acylacetates, and 2-ketones (Stinson, 1997). Table 1.1 shows examples of fine chemicals. 

Fu maks-Rhodaks A combination of the Fumaks and Rhodaks processes for removing both hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide from coke-oven gas. Developed by the Osaka Gas Company and marketed by Sumitomo Chemical Engineering Company. 

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