Cyanide flow injection method

Wu, X.Z., M. Yamada, T. Hobo, and S. Suzuki. 1989. Uranine sensitized chemiluminescence for alternative determinations of copper (II) and free cyanide by the flow injection method. Anal. Chem. 61 1505-1510. Yamamoto, H.A. 1989. Hyperammonemia, increased brain neutral and aromatic amino acid levels, and encephalopathy induced by cyanide in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 99 415 120. 

H. Muller, Chloride and cyanide determination by use of the flow injection method using ion-selective flow-type electrodes, 3rd Symposium on ion-selective electrodes, Matrafiired, 279 (1980). 

H. Muller, Chloride and Cyanide Determination by Use of the Flow Injection Method Using Ion-Selective Flow-Type Electrodes. Anal. Chem. Symp. Ser., 8 (1981) 279. 

M. Ishii, M. Yamada, and S. Suzuki, Determination of Cyanide Ion by Flow Injection Method Using Surfactant Bilayer Vesicle-Enhanced Chemiluminescence of Brilliant Sulfoflavine [in Japanese]. Bunseki Kagaku, 35 (1986) 542. 

C. Pohlandt-Watson, A Simplified Flow-Injection Method for Determination of Free Cyanide in Process Solutions. Rep-MINTEK (S. Africa), M275 (1986) 6. 

Falkner and Edmond [334] determined gold at femtomolar quantities in seawater by flow injection inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry. The technique involves preconcentration by anion exchange of gold as a cyanide complex, [AulCNjj], using 195Au radiotracer (ti/2 = 183 days) to monitor recoveries. Samples are then introduced by flow injection into an inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer for analysis. The method has a detection limit of 10 fM for 4 litres of seawater preconcentrated to 1 ml, and a relative precision of 15% at the 100 fM level. 

As nowadays wine making has factory dimensions, the need for a rapid method is important, so a flow injection techniqne for liqnid-solid extraction coupled to an HPLC was developed [368]. The target analytes were extracted from wine in a continuous way by means of a minicolumn packed with C18, the elntion was carried ont by means of acid water (pH 2) and acetonirile, then the solvent was evaporated by nitrogen stream on-line to a HPLC injector. Malvidin-3-glucoside, cyaniding-3-glncosyde, and peonidin-3-glncoside antocyanins were determined in a more rapid, accurate, and sensitive way than with the traditional methods. 

Cyanide enhances the redox potential of copper(II). Spectrophotometric methods for determining cyanide based on this property involve oxidation of phenolphthalein [27]. Phenolphthalein has been used in determining cyanide by the flow injection technique [27]. 

L. Solujic, E.B. Milosavljevic, M.R. Straka, Total cyanide determination by a segmented flow injection-on-line UV digestion-amperometric method, Analyst 124 (1999) 1255. 

A. T. Haj-Hussein, G. D. Christian, and J. Rilii ka, Determination of Cyanide by Atomic Absorption Using a Flow Injection Conversion Method. Anal. Chem., 58 (1986) 38. 

S.SM. Hassan, M.S.A. Hamza, A.E.A. Kelany, A novel spectrophotometric method for batch and flow injection determination of cyanide in electroplating wastewater, Talanta 71 (2007) 1088-1095. 

U.S. ERA Method OIA-1677, Available cyanide by flow injection. Ligand Exchange and Amperometry, EPA-821-R-04-001, January 2004. 

ASTM D7511-09e2, Standard test method for total cyanide by segmented flow injection analysis, in-line ultraviolet digestion and amperometric detection, ASTM International. 

Flow injection analysis (FIA) methods continue to be of interest because of its ease of use, its quick applicability to routine analyses, and a reduced human participation in operations for determination of toxic compoimds. There are two kinds of FIA system based on different types of reactors for the determination of cyanide homogeneous and hetroge-neous system. 

The phenolphthalin method for the determination of cyanide has been modified and adapted to a continuous flow system based on the flow-injection principle [39]. Aqueous cyanide samples are injected into a carrier stream (0.001 M NaOFI), which is then merged with the combined reagent stream of phenolphthalein and ceirbonate buffer (pH 10.3), and the mixture is passed through an online cupric sulfide packed column. The resulting... 

FIA methods based on ferric reducing power similar to the FRAP principle reaction have been used for the determination of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and total iron. Table 30.1 summarizes most of these studies. Spectrophotometric detection is also used in many of these studies because of the chromogenic effect from Fe oxidation, which changes with complex ligands, such as TPTZ, o-phenanthroline, cyanide, and DPPH. Different FIA manifolds have also been investigated and proposed, from single to multiple lines. Therefore, like other chromogenic antioxidant tests, the FRAP assay has the potential for several flow injection adaptations. 

Flow system for total cyanide analysis by ASTM Method D 7511-09e2. Detector silver working electrode, Ag/AgCI reference electrode, stainless steel counter electrode IV Injection valve RC reaction coll. 

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