Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Curves with functional dependency

This defines a simple plane offset curve by offsetting a two-dimensional curve in its plane a distance distance along the normal to the curve. The normal to the curve is defined such that the cross product of the normal to the plane in which the curve is defined multiplied with the sense of increasing curve parameter is parallel to the curve normal. distance may be positive or negative. It is the responsibility of the generating system to ensure that the resulting curve is well-defined. [Pg.78]


Standards used to constmct a cahbration curve must be prepared such that the matrix of the standard is identical to the sample s matrix because the values of the parameters k and b associated with a linear cahbration curve are matrix dependent. Many areas of chemical analysis are plagued by matrix effects, and it is often difficult to duphcate the sample matrix when preparing external standards. Because it is desirable to eliminate matrix effects, cahbration in the sample matrix itself can be performed. This approach is called the standard addition method (SAM) (14). In this method, the standards are added to the sample matrix and the response of the analyte plus the standard is monitored as a function of the added amount of the standard. The initial response is assumed to be Rq, and the relationship between the response and the concentration of the analyte is... [Pg.427]

MFI of the composition to that of the matrix, as a function of the filler concentration. It can be seen that, as the concentration of a particular filler increases, the index increases too for one matrix but decreases for another, and varies by a curve with an extremum for a third one. Even for one and the same polymerfiller system and a fixed concentration of filler, the stress-strain characteristics, such as ultimate stress, may, depending on the testing conditions (temperature, rate of deformation, etc.) be either higher or lower than in the reference polymer sample [36],... [Pg.7]

Let us consider that Ed corresponding to a peak on the desorption curve is coverage dependent, while kd (and thus the adsorption entropy) remains constant. (For the variability of kd see Section II.A.) When seeking the required function Ed (6) we refer to Eq. (8) in which the term exp (— Edf RT) exhibits the greatest variability. A set of experimental curves of the desorption rate with different initial populations n,B must be available. When plotting ln(— dn,/dt) — x ln(n ) vs 1/T, we obtain the function Ed(ne) from the slope, for the selected n, as has been dealt with in Section V. In the first approximation which is reasonable for a number of actual cases, let us take a simple linear variation of Ed with n ... [Pg.386]

Figure 9 shows the minimum lubricant him thickness as a function of velocity, with or without micro-polarity. The him thickness curves with micro-polarity are larger than those with the nonpolar molecules. This means that the microstructure and microrotation will have an influence on the him thickness. The simple exponential relation between him thickness and velocity, which holds in EHL, is no longer valid for thin him lubrication if the microstructure and the microrotation are taken into account. However, if the minimum him thickness is sufficiently large, as the velocity increases, the discrepancy between results with and without the consideration of the polar effect is very small. With an increase in both the characteristic length Z and coupling number N, the minimum him thickness becomes much larger than that of the nonpolar case. This reveals a size-dependent effect which accords well with experimental re-... [Pg.69]

Figure 6.4 shows the change in the sensor conductivity as a function of temperature. Curve / shows the dependence of sensor resistivity with temperature when the sensor is positioned in evacuated installation. The introduction of antimony hydride was made at temperature - 75°C bringing about no change in resistivity. When the temperature of the sensor was increased up to - 20 C there were no effects detected on its resistivity caused by antimony hydride. Only at higher temperatures one can observe deviation of dependence RiT) from curve 1 which is caused by decomposition of SbHa on ZnO. These results led to experiments on emission of H-atoms in a special vial when Sb-film treated by H-atoms was kept at a room temperature and sensors were kept at the temperature of - 80 C. Under these conditions, as is shown by above reasoning. [Pg.358]

For a classical diffusion process, Fickian is often the term used to describe the kinetics of transport. In polymer-penetrant systems where the diffusion is concentration-dependent, the term Fickian warrants clarification. The result of a sorption experiment is usually presented on a normalized time scale, i.e., by plotting M,/M versus tll2/L. This is called the reduced sorption curve. The features of the Fickian sorption process, based on Crank s extensive mathematical analysis of Eq. (3) with various functional dependencies of D(c0, are discussed in detail by Crank [5], The major characteristics are... [Pg.462]

According to observations with metal electrodes in aqueous solution [Amokrane-Badiali, 1992], the interfadal charge versus capacity curve is described for the inverse capacity, 1 /Cm, as a parabolic curve with its maximum near the zero charge the capacity, Cs, is described as a parabolic curve with its maximum near the zero charge. Both of their dependences are shown schematically in Fig. 5-22. Usually, then, the total capacity Ch of the compact layer is represented by a parabolic curve with its maximum near the zero charge (a = 0) of the interface. Figure 5-23 shows the capacity of the compact layer observed for silver and mercury electrodes in aqueous solution as a function of the interfacial charge. [Pg.149]

A characteristic feature of allelopathy is that the inhibitory effects of allelopathic compounds are concentration dependent. Dose-response curves with known compounds show an inhibition threshold. Below this level either no measurable effect occurs, or stimulation may result. Although the concentration of a compound required to exceed the inhibition threshold varies extensively according to different sensitivities among species and also among phases of the growth cycle for higher plants, the concept of an inhibition threshold seems consistent. Thus, it is reasonable to evaluate how, and if, a subthreshold concentration of an allelochemical may contribute to allelopathic interference. Also in need of evaluation is how environmental conditions may influence the deleterious action of an allelochemical and the concentration required for an effect. Such interactions are especially pertinent for those environmental situations that place some degree of stress on plant functions. [Pg.344]

Figure 13 (a) Comparison of the simulation curve with the analytical solution given by Hong and Noolandi [11,13,83]. The initial distribution function and the Onsager length (r ) were taken as a delta function S(r—ro) of = 7.5 nm and = 30 nm, respectively. The dots and the solid line indicate the analytical solution and the simulation curve, respectively, (b) Time-dependent distribution function that was obtained from the simulation of (a), r indicates the distance between the cation radical and the electron. [Pg.290]

The relative rates of inhibition as a function of pH at low inhibitor concentrations ([I] < K ) follow a bell-shaped curve, with the same pKa values as found for the pH dependence of kcJKu for the hydrolysis of substrates. [Pg.150]

The regioselectivity of the transformation of methyloxirane is independent of the catalyst structure, but it depends on the nature of the metal. The selectivity of acetone formation exhibitsa curve with a slight minimum character as a function of dispersion, since this selectivity is determined by the hydrogen availability on the surface. [Pg.159]

The next figures give curves of dependency of M upon angular velocity of rotation n (Fig, 3), the strictly increasing functions dependencies of bulk velocity of the flow Q( l) (Fig. 4) for different values of f = p/1 (continuous lines correspond to calculations of Eqs. (13)—(16) and dotted lines correspond to similar calculations with... [Pg.51]

At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were several isolated voices claiming for a revision of the Michelson-Morley interpretation. Hicks [52] performed a theoretical analysis of the Michelson-Morley experiment and concluded that data were consistent with a somewhat larger magnitude of the difference of speeds. More importantly, he noted that the data followed a periodic curve proportional to cos 20, where angle 0 refers to a rotation of the interferometer relative to the presumed direction of orbital velocity. The functional dependence present in the results is of the form to be expected if there existed E. [Pg.343]

Let us address the parametrical dependence of the Hall resistance on longitudinal resistance (the parameter is temperature) for the above samples with xexponential function (R oc R xx), it was found that the exponent m varies from 0.44 to... [Pg.625]

The experiments performed by Clark and Blackman [29] have shown that in the foam there is a fraction of bubbles the size of which remains constant for a certain period of time (Fig. 6.4). Results, confirming the existence of such a fraction have been reported in [29]. It should be emphasised that in spite of Manegold s statement [32], the existence of this fraction is not connected with the dependence of bubble vapour pressure on its radius. The slopes of the R(t) curves presented in Fig. 6.4, increase for certain foams while decrease for others. This reflects not only the inconstancy of permeability I = Dp(h + 2/i0), resulting from thickness decrease, but also the change in the average radius Rm resulting from the change in the bubble distribution function. [Pg.459]


See other pages where Curves with functional dependency is mentioned: [Pg.78]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.729]    [Pg.430]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.146]    [Pg.195]    [Pg.85]    [Pg.321]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.38]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.262]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.1045]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.215]    [Pg.426]    [Pg.349]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.75]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.211]   


SEARCH



Dependence functional

© 2024 chempedia.info