Current and future paradigms

Figure L Current and future paradigms in wound healing. Currently available technologies and practices are given in solid boxes. Future possibilities are in dashed boxes.

Timelines for product development are continually being shortened in an effort to get a compound on the market as quickly as possible. Current and future trends and industry paradigm shifts are changing the face of clinical trials so that the pharmaceutical industry can look forward to global approval of new and old pharmaceutical products. 

Emerging Drugs and Targets for Parkinson s Disease 35 Pain Therapeutics Current and Future Treatment Paradigms 36 Biotherapeutics Recent Developments using Chemical and Molecular Biology... 

In this paper we provide a complete review of the past and current trap experiment paradigm and suggest areas in need of future study and clarification. 

Maeda, H., Greish, K. and Fang, J. (2006) The EPR effect and polymeric drugs A paradigm shift for cancer chemotherapy in the 21st century, in Polymer therapeutics for cancer Current status and future challenges. Advances in Polymer Science Series, 193, 103-21. 

Kuhn (1970a, pp. 182, 187) describes how paradigms are taught as exemplars, which he describes as standard examples shared by a community of (future) scientists, on which other (end-of-chapter) problems are modelled. Through a textbook s exemplars the student is initiated into the disciphnaiy matrix current theory, methods, and criteria of a normal science. Kuhn s analysis of the stmcture of science textbooks, especially of the techniques of textbook presentation, leads him to the following conclusions ... 

Two models can be used to illustrate the differences between our current agricultural universities that are designed around conventional departments and specialised activities and a possible future active learning university. The current paradigm (Figure 16.1) has specialists organised in departments around classical disciplines. The primary communication is among... 

The hydrates-in-nature paradigm is currently changing. The above tables and quantity estimates indicate that much of the natural gas containing hydrates is in the ocean bottom, and while production of gas from such deep-lying hydrates is now too expensive, it is likely that in the near future mankind will need to... 

In the future, economic risk evaluation will guide the hydrate-plugging prevention philosophy. It is important to note that phase equilibria thermodynamics provide the current paradigm of hydrate avoidance, but risk management is in the domain of time-dependent phenomena or physical hydrate kinetics. The experience base with hydrate plugs and their remediation impacts the economic need for large amounts of insulation and/or thermodynamic inhibitors. 

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