Cupressaceae essential oils

Halitosis is a common problem and originates from the oral cavity due to conditions such as poor oral hygiene, deep caries, endodontic lesions, and periodontitis. The malodor occurs as a result of bacterial metabolism of amino acids, producing compounds such as hydrogen sul de and methyl mercaptan. Hinokitiol (p thujapliciri), a component found in Cupressaceae essential oils, has demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against oral microorganisms (Saeki et al., 1989) and has demonstrated in vivo lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-a production (Shih et al., 2012). It has also been used to treat periodontal disease in students (Suzuki et al.,2008). 

In another study carried out by Biers et al (1994), the residual contents of intact Corinthian plastic vases of the 7-6th Centuries BC were analysed nondestructive by pouring solvent into the vessels and decanting. A large number of mono-, sesqui- and diterpenoids were identified in the solvent washes. The diterpenoid, manoyl oxide [Structure 7.15] was identified in 16 vases. This molecule is found in the bark of Pinus and Abies spp. and in the essential oils of the Cupressaceae family including Juniperus oxycedrus. 

Among many others, well-known families rich in essential oil bearing species are Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Cupressaceae, Hypericaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Pinaceae, Piperaceae, Rutaceae, Santalaceae, Zingiberaceae and Zy-gophyllaceae [1-4, 8-11, 39]. 

ABSTRACT Monoterpenoids are the components of essential oils, which are produced and accumulated, in large amounts by plants from certain families, including Labiatae, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Umbelliferae and Rutaceae. They are of special interest because of their industrial applications and on account of their chemical properties and biological activity. Monoterpenic composition can be useful in genetic and chemotaxonomic studies of coniferous species. 

Juniperus macropoda Boiss. Cupressaceae Ind, Nep, Him, Pak berries +EST essential oil 118... 

C,oH,t, Mr 136.24, oil. Isomeric bicyclic raonoter-penes ( SARH-)-a-E, bp. 155-158°C, [a]D-32 (neat) fi-E, bp. 153 °C, [a]D +84.9° (neat). a-F. occurs in the essential oil of leaves of the western red cedar (Thuja plicata, Cupressaceae) and the medicinal valerian (Valeriana officinalis, Valerianaceae) while P-F. occurs in the fruits of common caraway (Carum carvi, Apiaceae). ... 

CI oH I gO, Mr 154.25. A bicyclic monoterpene with the fenchane structure that was first detected in the turpentine oil of the pine Pinus palusiris. Various stereoisomers and their mixtures occur in numerous plant oils, e.g., (-)-j8-F. (oil, [a]o° -31°), in the essential oil of Lawson s cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cupressaceae) or (+)-a-F. (cryst., mp. 47-47.5 °C, [a] +12.5°) from the marsh resin obtained from peat bogs (= kauri resin of the tree Agathis australis, Araucaria-ceae). Fenchyl acetate is used in perfumes with a coniferous nuance. 

C oH,g, Mr 138.25. Parent skeleton of the bicy-clo[3.1. Ojhexane monoterpenes. Of the four possible optically active forms only (-F)-(l/f,4/ ,5/f)-T., bp. 151 °C, [aJo f87° (neat), occurs in nature, e.g., in the essential oil of the fresh leaves of Chamaecyparis for-mosensis (Cupressaceae), a tree indigenous to Taiwan and known as Benihio or Beniki. 

C,oH,jO, Mr 152.24, oil with a menthol-like odor. Bi-cyclic monoterpene ketones with the thujane structure occurring in two C-4-epimeric forms in nature i SAR,5R) -)-a-T, bp. 83.8-84.1 °C (17 hPa), [a]o -19.2° (neat), (15, 4S,5/ )(+)-)S-T., bp. 85.7 -86.2°C (17 hPa), [a]o +72.5° (neat). Not only the names a-and jS-thuJone but also thujone and isothujone are sometimes used incorrectly in the literature. T. are potent neurotoxins, cause epileptic seizures, and can lead to severe psychic damage. It is not yet known if both epimers exhibit the same biological effects. Occurrence Very widely distributed in the essential oils of Asteraceae, Cupressaceae, Lamiaceae, Pina-ceae species. Thuja oil (Thuja occidentalis, Cupressaceae) contains 40% (-)-a-T. and tansy oil (Tanace-tum vulgare, Asteraceae) 58% (+)-/S-T. 

Occurrence Tricyclene in juniper oil (Juniperus communis, Cupressaceae) and in the essential oil of the fir Abies balsamea (Pinaceae) ca. 1.3%. Teresantalol, ter-santalal, and teresantalic acid are isolated from East Indian sandalwood oil. sandalwood oil (Santalum album, Santalaceae). 

P-bisabolene. The latter also oeeurs in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Cupressaceae) and in the Sibirian pine tree Piims sibirica (Pinaceae). (+)-a- and (+)-p-bisabolol are fragrant sesquiterpenes found in the essential oils of various plants they also contribute to the odors of camomile and of bergamot oil from unripe fruits of Citrus aurantium var. bergamia (Rutaceae) growing in southern Italy. 

The market for pleasant-smelling wood oils, such as those from sandalwood or from various members of the Cupressaceae, will continue to expand (17). The reasons for this are that they have been successful since historical times, and the population of the world is still increasing. These essential oils must generally be produced in cottage industry -type (1) factories since commercial extraction on a large scale is considered uneconomical, not only in the Philippines (1) but also elsewhere (19). 

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