CUMULATIVE agents

Cumulative agent Interference with neural synapses Over-stimulation of nervous system Malfunctioning of various body organs Massive congestion of body enzymes and fluids in all major organs of nervous system, particularly brain Death... 

Cumulative organ toxicity also presents a significant obstacle for effective chemotherapy. In many cases, the severity of the toxicity impedes the broader use of an agent. Other specific toxicities are associated with specific agents, for example cardiotoxicity with adriamycin (32), renal toxicity with i7j -platinum (28), and neurotoxicity with vincristine (49). 

If workers are exposed simultaneously or successively to more than one chemical agent, the risk shall be assessed on the basis of the risk presented by all such chemical agents in combination. Usually, additive effects are assumed for the mixture of chemical agents, so the cumulative exposure is calculated as follows ... 

Each category of chemotherapy drugs has similar side effects. Anthracyclines cause cardiac toxicity, which is related to the cumulative dose. Tubulin interactive agents are associated with neuropathy and ileus. Alkylating agents are associated with secondary malignancies. 

HD in the body is very slow, and repeated exposures produce a cumulative effect. Its toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye absorption, but the most common acute hazard is from liquid contact with eyes or skin. Agent HD is distilled H, it has been purified by washing and vacuum distillation to reduce sulfur impurities. Agent H is a mixture of 70% bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide and 30% sulfur impurities produced by unstable Levinstein process. 

HD is a vesicant (blister agent) and alkylating agent producing cytotoxic action on the hematopoietic (blood-forming) tissues which are especially sensitive. The rate of detoxification of HD in the body is very slow, and repeated exposures produce a cumulative effect. It causes blisters, irritates the eyes, and it is toxic when inhaled. HD has been determined to be a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 

Symptoms appear much more slowly from skin absorption. Skin absorption great enough to cause death may occur in 1-2 h. Respiratory lethal dosages kill in 1-10 min, and liquid in the eye kills nearly as rapidly. Very small skin dosages sometimes cause local sweating and tremors but little other effects. Nerve agents are cumulative poisons. Repeated exposure to low concentrations, if not too far apart, will produce symptoms. 

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid, dosage - cumulative exposure equivalent to the concentration of chemical agent to which an individual is exposed integrated over the time of exposure, dose - quantity of agent having entered the body. 

Most chemical agents are essentially cumulative in their effects. The reason is that the human body detoxifies them very slowly or not at all. For example, a 1-h exposure to HD or CG followed within a few hours by another 1-h exposure has about the same effect as a single 2-h exposure. Continued exposure to low concentrations of HD may cause sensitivity to very low concentrations of HD. Other chemical agents also have cumulative effects. For example, an initial exposure to a small (less than lethal) amount of Sarin (GB) would decrease cholinesterase levels a second quantity less than the FDS0... 

Lomustine (CCNU) -nitrosourea alkylating agent cell cycle independent -bone marrow suppression (delayed, prolonged, and cumulative) -nausea and vomiting -pulmonary fibrosis Lung Cancer... 

The rate of detoxification of organophosphorus nerve agents by the body is very low. Exposures are essentially cumulative. 

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