Crystal amorphous

The things that we have been talking about so far - metal crystals, amorphous metals, solid solutions, and solid compounds - are all phases. A phase is a region of material that has uniform physical and chemical properties. Water is a phase - any one drop of water is the same as the next. Ice is another phase - one splinter of ice is the same as any other. But the mixture of ice and water in your glass at dinner is not a single phase because its properties vary as you move from water to ice. Ice + water is a two-phase mixture. 

In addition, there are some multilayer systems without epitaxial growth, consisting of crystal/amorphous constituents, amorphous/amorphous constituents, such as TiN/CNx... 

The basic modem data describing the atomic stmcture of matter have been obtained by the using of diffraction methods - X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction. All three radiations are used not only for the stmcture analysis of various natural and synthetic crystals - inorganic, metallic, organic, biological crystals but also for the analysis of other condensed states of matter - quasicrystals, incommensurate phases, and partly disordered system, namely, for high-molecular polymers, liquid crystals, amorphous substances and liquids, and isolated molecules in vapours or gases. This tremendous... 

In the same way the equation for the determination of the specific magnetization of boride FesB was obtained. This phase is formed during the crystallization amorphous alloy Fes2Si2Bi6. As we found the specific magnetization of boride FesB is 192 TllO" cmVm. This value is in 1,5 times greater then the specific magnetization of cementite G-FesC and 1,1 times lower then the specific magnetization of a-iron. 

Sihcon dioxide exists in several structural forms polymorphic crystalline sihca, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica. This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for speciahzed apphcations. Various forms of sihca are mentioned briefly below. 

The first term in Eq. (5.11) reflects the gain in the bulk energy while the second term accounts for the variation in the total free energy associated with the replacement of the substrate/amorphous and vapour/amorphous interfaces (dAi) by the substrate/crystal and vapour/crystal interfaces. The last term represents the increase in the total free energy due to the increase in the crystal/amorphous interface (dA2). Taking into account Eq. (5.11) and the expressions for dV, dAi and dA2 given above, dG/dN can be expressed as ... 

Current research interest is in the solid phase epitaxial regrowth of amorphous Si using laser processing. RBS has been used to follow the melting and recrystallization of the crystal-amorphous interface (12). This is accomplished by monitoring the backscattered spectrum+with the substrate oriented in a direction that will allow the He to channel along the crystal planes. 

Using living conditions with the state-of-the-art in catalyst technologies, crystal-amorphous polyolefin hybrids can be synthesized by successive polymerization, for instance, homo-polymerization and co-polymerization, of olefin monomers. By this methodology, block copolymers of polymer hybrids can be obtained. 

So far, most of the quantum-chemical computations of solid compounds have assumed a free molecular model that is the intermolecular effects are initially not considered. Although these second-order effects are minor in many cases and do not cause much disagreement with solid-state NMR measurements, they might become significant and should not be neglected. Recently a series of publications has addressed this problem, based on a supercell technique.38-41 The appealing feature of this new method is that it can deal not only with free molecules but also with crystals, amorphous materials or materials with defects. 

Structure Crystal Crystal Crystal Crystal Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous Amorphous ... 

As symmetrical molecules approach within a critical distance during melt processing, crystals begin to form in the areas where they are the most densely packed. A crystallized area is stiffer and stronger, a non-crystallized (amorphous) area is tougher and more flexible. With increased crystallinity, other effects occur. As an example, with polyethylene (crystalline) there is increased resistance to creep. 

PROP Hexagonal brown-black crystals, amorph prisms, powder, or solid which reacts with AICI3 to give TlCl vaporizes to give TI2O and O2. Mp 717° 5°, bp 1196°, d(amorph) 9.65 21°, d(hexagonal) 10.19 22°. Insol in H2O decomp in acids. IDLH 15 mg/m3 (as Tl). 

Fig. 1.—Density factors at a crystal- amorphous boundary with through-going chains. Z) > 1 directional randomization for anisotropy, D 2. A > avoidance say, A. 5. B> backtracking B N (what is N ). Product BAD 3.

Washing is the countercurrent or cross-current cleaning performed by dissolving impurities in suspensions or crystal/amorphous solid slurries. The objective is to use a series of centrifuges to enhance the purity of the solids or to minimize the amount of wash liquid. 

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