Croton oil

Cristsll, c., = Kristall, fete. CzocflDScrocein scarlet. CKrtc -lAi Zj n. croton, resin. -61, n. croton oil. 

Following the fundamental work by Gregory Hetter [ii], it is now commonly accepted that at the heart of solutions for deep peeling is a combination of croton oil and phenol. 

Croton oil is an extract of the seed of the plant Croton tiglium and has been commercially prepared as Croton resin since 1932. Its activity on the skin is related to free hydroxyl groups, which cause skin vesiculation even in low doses. 

Croton oil content in various peeling solutions. VJCVenner-Kellson... 

Hetter G (2000) An examination of the phenol-croton oil peel Part I. Dissecting the formula. Plast Reconstr Surg 105 239-248... 

The majority of these members are a receptor for phorbol esters, the tumor-promoting products obtained from croton oil. One of them, 12-O-tctradccanoylphorbol- 13-acetate (TPA), is a potent... 

Berenblum, I. And Shubik, P. (1947). The role of croton oil applications associated with a single painting of a carcinogen, in tumour induction in the mouse s skin. Br. J. Cancer 1, 379-383. 

Cardiovascular Effects. There have been several reports of cardiac arrhythmias associated with application of phenol solutions to the skin in connection with the surgical procedure of skin peeling (Gross 1984 Truppman and Ellenby 1979 Warner and Harper 1985). In this procedure, a mixture of phenol ( 50% w/v), hexachlorophene, and croton oil is applied to the skin while the patient is under anesthesia. In a series of 54 patients in which the whole face was peeled in 1 day, cardiac arrhythmias were reported in 39%, while in a series of patients in which half the face was treated on 1 day, and the second half was treated 24 hours later, cardiac arrhythmias were reported in 22% (Gross 1984). The study author also indicated that the arrhythmias were less severe in the patients treated over a longer period of time. 

NDGA also inhibits 5-LO in a variety of systems [65-68]. In vivo, antiinflammatory activity has been reported in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-in-duced knee inflammation in rats [69] and in AAE and croton oil induced ear oedema [70,71]. However, in a 14-day clinical trial in psoriasis, no efficacy was seen following topical application of NDGA [72]. Although this compound has been used as an archetypal 5-LO inhibitor in many studies, the general antioxidant properties of this compound require caution in these interpretations. 

Animal bioassays showed that camphor was not carcinogenic in rats injected subcutaneously however, when the cancer promoter croton oil was concurrently applied to the skin of mice, 2 of 110 treated mice developed carcinomas. ... 

Berenblum I, Haran N The influence of croton oil and of polyethylene glycol-400 on carcinogenesis in the forestomach of the mouse. Cancer Res 15 510-516, 1955... 

The same study demonstrated that 10 paintings at 2-day intervals for a total dose of 250pg IP initiated skin carcinogenesis, hr 30 mice subsequently treated with croton oil in acetone, a total of 10 papillomas in 5 animals was produced. 

Extracts from the croton plant (croton oil) are not themselves carcinogenic but enhance tumor formation if administered after Initial exposure to a carcinogen. 

Smooth muscle relaxant activity. Tine-ture of the gland, administered to rabbits, was active on the bladder and intestine " . Toxic effect. Gum, administered orally to adults, was active. A case of methemoglobinemia occurred in a 5-week-old male infant, after administration of asafetida preparation to alleviate colic. Treatment was with intravenous methylene blue and the infant recovered . Tumor-promoting activity. Water extract of the dried oleoresin, administered externally to mice at a dose of 200 pL/animal, was active vs 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthra-cene and croton oil treatment ". ... 

Mouse skin Phorbol esters (croton oil) Anthralin Cigarette smoke condensate Dihydroteleocidin (fungal product) 7-Bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene UV light Wounding... 

Hennings, H. Michale, D., and Paterson, E. (1973). Enhancement of skin tumorigenesis by single application of croton oil before or soon after initiation by methane, Cancer Res. 33,3130. 

N.A. Croton oil.105 Oil is carcinogenic, can be fatal. For constipation, dysentery, biliary colic, intestinal obstructions, food poisoning, malaria, mastitis. Externally for warts, dermatitis, abscesses, boils. 

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