Crop hygiene

Crop hygiene. It is particirlarly important to ensine that only clean seed is sown when using home-saved seed. Hand roguing can be a very effective method of preventing weeds becoming a problem in the first place. Avoidance of machinery contamination can also help to prevent weed increase, e.g. wild oats. 

Crop hygiene to clear stubble of previously infected crop... 

Good crop hygiene is very important for otganic farmers to help reduce disease incidence. Seed and storage diseases can be serious organic growers should only sow, or plant, disease-free seed or transplants and only disease free crops should be stored. 

American Council on Science and Health (ACSH), 278 American Crop Protection Association (ACPA), 267, 278 American Cyanamid Agricultural Products Division, See BASF Agricultural Products Group (US), 216 American Fiber Manufacturers Association, hic. (AFMA), 268 American Hydrogen Association (AHA), 268 American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), 278 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE), 268 American Institute of Chemists, The (AIC), 268 American Methanol Institute (AMI), 268 American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS), 268 American Ordnance LLC, 216 American Pacific Corporation (AMPAC), 216 American Peptide Society (APS), 268... 

Organic agriculture in its present form may not render agricultural self-sufficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa possible without further nutrient mining. It does, however, have much to contribute to the sustainability of crop production when implemented judiciously at suitable locations, particularly if techniques to replenish soil P stocks and realise hygienically and environmentally safe nutrient recycling from organic wastes and excreta are adopted. 

It is clear that for operators the application rate of the pesticide, relevant meteorological conditions, liquid pressure at the nozzle, geometry of crop and application equipment are very important variables (van Hemmen, 1992a). Furthermore, work methods and hygienic measures taken by the operator (e.g. wearing of protective clothing) also affect exposure. 

Pesticides are applied to control pests and plant diseases. Pesticides used in agriculture to protect living plants and freshly harvested crops are called plant protection chemicals. When pesticides are used to protect stored food, processed goods, public hygiene, and dead objects, they are called biocides. Pesticides are divided into subgroups named after the pest they fight (Table 11.1). Examples discussed in this book are... 

DDT exhibited a high insecticidal efficiency. It was marketed in 1942 under the name Gesarol in the crop protection field, and under the name Neocid in the field of human hygiene. The discovery was of immense importance in both fields, and marked the beginning of the application of modem synthetic products in plant protection. 

For many centuries the eradication of rodents has been a grave problem to humanity. In addition to the hygienic aspects, it was important for stock-protection, while exterminating them from crops is one of the tasks of plant protection. 

Measures of Control Avoidance of over-composting proper balancing of moisture in the compost expeditious removal of old or contaminated compost steam cleaning of trays and maintaining good hygiene between crops. 

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