Critical care profile

In Chapter 14, we learned that the voltage of an electrochemical cell is related to the concentrations of species in the cell. We saw that some cells could be divided into a reference electrode that provides a constant electric potential and an indicator electrode whose potential varies in response to analyte concentration. 

Chemically inert platinum, gold, and carbon indicator electrodes are frequently used to conduct electrons to or from species in solution. In contrast with chemically inert elements, silver participates in the reaction Ag + e Ag(5). 

The reference half-cell potential ( , not E-) is constant at 0.241 V because [CP] is fixed by the concentration of saturated KCl. The Nemst equation for the entire cell is therefore 

E = reference electrode potential with actual concentrations in the reference cell 

E° = standard potential of reference half-reaction when all species are in their standard states (pure solid, pure liquid, 1 M, or 1 bar) 

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A critically ill patient is wheeled into the emergency room, and the doctor needs blood chemistry information quickly to help her make a diagnosis. Analytes in Table 15-4 are part of the critical care profile of blood chemistry. Every analyte in the table can be measured by... 

E581 Wiese, D.A., Bowen, T.P. and Kost, G.J. (1989). Enzyme electrode for glucose measurement in whole blood with a critical care profiling instrument. Clin. Chem. 35, 1098, Abstr. 152. 

Shirey TL. Critical care profiling for informed treatment of severely ill patients. Am J Clin Pathol 1995 104(Suppl l) S79-87. 

Profile Founded in May 1981, Chiron is a 1 + billion science-driven healthcare company that combines diagnostic, vaccine, and therapeutic strategies for controlling disease. The company has research programs in gene therapy, combinatorial chemistry, cancer, infectious and cardiovascular disease, and critical care through its Chiron Technologies business unit. 

Sources of raw materials, especially those critical to a new product s functionality, should be identified. Availability and costs should be ascertained to aid in the planning process. Care should be taken to ensure that new drug actives and, when possible, excipients are secured from vendors with a current acceptable FDA compliance profile and a drug master file. 

Detailed profiles of chemicals used in food, cosmetics, and personal care products. The chemicals are organized with unique identifiers so that all who may have contact with or interest in them can find critical information quickly. 

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