Criteria for effectiveness

Stamm and Seborg (1939) listed three essential criteria for effective resin treatments of wood ... 

Fig. (2). Structural criteria for effective free radical scavenger activity.

Light sources are among the most important parts of photocatalytic devices, based on the fact that photons are often regarded as the most expensive component of photocatalytic reactors (Nicolella and Rovatti, 1998). Hence, it is obvious that criteria for effective use of photons should be very important in the design and operation of photocatalytic devices. Unfortimately (or not), the odds that lamp manufacturers will produce UV lamps especially designed for photocatalysis for a competitive price are very slim. As a consequence, the design and even the size of a feasible reactor is very much constrained by the commercial availability of the radiation source (Imoberdorf et al., 2007). 

Various values of this G are the ones used as criteria for effective mixing. Table 6.2 shows some criteria values that have been found to work in practice using the... 

Criteria for Selecting Sustainability Metrics. Consensus on the criteria for effective sustainability metrics has also emerged from the above efforts (Beloff and Beaver, 2000 Schwarz et al., 2000, 2002 Bakshi and Fiksel, 2003 Sikdar, 2003). It is now generally accepted that sustainability metrics should satisfy the following (Beloff and Beaver, 2000) ... 

The previous results seem to satisfy the first two of three criteria for effective removal of repetitively administered soman or sarin by a scavenger present in the blood ... 

From the above discussion, one can summarize the most important criteria for effective steric stabilization when using polymeric surfactants. First, there should be enough polymer to ensure complete coverage of the particle surface by the chains. This will prevent any attraction between the bare patches of the particles, while it also prevents any bridging flocculation (simultaneous adsorption of the chain on more than one particle). 

The third criteria for effective steric stabilization is to ensure that the stabilizing chain A remains in good solvent conditions at all times and under all conditions. As discussed earlier, for systems where water is the continuous medium, PEO is the most suitable A chain(s). The polymer... 

Recharging is the process of replacing energy that has been discharged from the battery. The subsequent performance of the battery, as well as its overall life, are dependent on effective charging. The main criteria for effective charging are to ... 

Several criteria for effective steric stabihzation can be defined (i) The particles or droplets should be completely covered by the surfactant or polymer (the amount should correspond to the plateau value). Any bare patches may cause flocculation either by van der Waals attraction (between the bare patches) or by bridging flocculation (where a polymer molecule will become simultaneously adsorbed on two or more particles or droplets), (ii) The polymer should be strongly anchored to the particles or droplets surface to prevent any displacement during particle approach - this is particularly important for concentrated suspensions or emulsions. With an A-B-A block copolymer, the B chain is chosen to be highly insoluble in the medium and has a strong affinity to the surface, (iii) The stabilizing chain(s) A should be highly soluble in the... 

The third criteria for effective steric stabilization is to ensure that the stabilizing chain A remains in good solvent conditions at all times and under all conditions. As discussed above, for systems where water is the continuous medium PEO is the most suitable A chain(s). The polymer chain is highly soluble in water and remains solvated up to high temperatures. It can also tolerate reasonable amounts of electrolyte. For dispersions, where the continuous medium is a hydrocarbon oil (e.g., w/o emulsions), poly(hydroxy-stearic acid) is the most suitable A chain(s). 

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