Cresyl violet

Figure C1.5.12.(A) Fluorescence decay of a single molecule of cresyl violet on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface measured by time-correlated single photon counting. The solid line is tire fitted decay, a single exponential of 480 5 ps convolved witli tire instmment response function of 160 ps fwiim. The decay, which is considerably faster tlian tire natural fluorescence lifetime of cresyl violet, is due to electron transfer from tire excited cresyl violet (D ) to tire conduction band or energetically accessible surface electronic states of ITO. (B) Distribution of lifetimes for 40 different single molecules showing a broad distribution of electron transfer rates. Reprinted witli pennission from Lu andXie [1381. Copyright 1997 American Chemical Society.

In most cases, the linear absorption is measured with standard spectrometers, and the fluorescence properties are obtained with commercially available spectrofluo-rometers using reference samples with well-known <1>F for calibration of the fluorescence quantum yield. In the ultraviolet and visible range, there are many well-known fluorescence quantum yield standards. Anthracene in ethanol (commonly used reference samples for wavelengths of 350-650 nm. For wavelengths longer than 650 nm, there is a lack of fluorescence references. Recently, a photochemically stable, D-ji-D polymethine molecule has been proposed as a fluorescence standard near 800 nm [57]. This molecule, PD 2631 (chemical structure shown in Fig. 5) in ethanol, has linear absorption and fluorescence spectra of the reference PD 2631 in ethanol to... 

Fig. 5 Linear absorption (1, 2) and one-photon-excited fluorescence (1, 2 ) for the quantum yield standard Cresyl Violet (1, 1 ) and the proposed standard PD 2631 (2, 2 ) for NIR wavelengths. Molecular structures are shown to the left...

More recently Ghiggino and co-workers(32) have applied laser scanning confocal fluorescence lifetime microscopy to the study of polyvinyl alcohol films containing rhodamine B (650 nm emission) and cresyl violet (632 nm emission). Synchronously pumped dye laser excitation and APD detection were used with optical fiber coupling. A schematic diagram of their apparatus is shown in Figure 12.5. 

Figure 9.38 Concentration profile of copper and zinc in the scanned area of interest measured by LA-ICP-MS on brain samples (hippocampus). Calibration was performed via synthetic matrix matched laboratory standards for 1, 5 and 10 fxgg-1 of analyte (see inserted figures on left). Bottom histologically processed brain tissue in which cell bodies were stained (cresyl violet staining) in order to demonstrate the layered structure of the analyzed region. (]. S. Becker, M. Zoriy, C. Pickhardt, N. Palomero-Gallagher and K. Zilles, Anal. Chem., 77, 3208 (2005). Reproduced by permission of American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 9-39 Distribution of Zn and in insular region of human brain measured by LA-ICP-MS compared to cross section of this tissue region stained by cresyl violet.

Nerves stain yellowish-brown with cresyl violet (metachromasia)... 

One of the most commonly used staining procedures involves hematoxylin and eosin, but it was found that the dyes interfere with either the proteins or the MALDI process. As a consequence, the quality of the mass spectra is significantly compromised [54], When five other staining protocols (Terry s Polychrome, Toluidine Blue, Nuclear Fast Red, Cresyl Violet, and Methylene Blue) were compared to a control section (unstained tissue rinsed in 70% and 100% ethanol), Cresyl Violet and Methylene Blue had the highest degrees... 

Cresyl violet/luxol fast blue stain (CV/LFB)... 

Stain 4-5 pm sections using standard hematoxylin and eosin protocols (H E) or with cresyl violet/luxol fast blue (CV/LFB). H E stains protein rich cells (eosin) and counterstains nuclei (hemotoxylin). CV/LFB also stains protein,... 

Dyes such as erythrosin B [172], eosin [173-177], rose bengal [178,179], rhodamines [180-185], cresyl violet [186-191], thionine [192], chlorophyll a and b [193-198], chlorophyllin [197,199], anthracene-9-carboxylate [200,201], perylene [202,203] 8-hydroxyquinoline [204], porphyrins [205], phthalocyanines [206,207], transition metal cyanides [208,209], Ru(bpy)32+ and its analogs [83,170,210-218], cyanines [169,219-226], squaraines [55,227-230], and phe-nylfluorone [231] which have high extinction coefficients in the visible, are often employed to extend the photoresponse of the semiconductor in photoelectro-chemical systems. Visible light sensitization of platinized Ti02 photocatalyst by surface-coated polymers derivatized with ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) complex has also been attempted [232,233]. Because the singlet excited state of these dyes is short lived it becomes essential to adsorb them on the semiconductor surface with... 

Kietzmann, R. Willig, F. Weller, H. Vogel, R. Nath, D. N. Eichberger, R. Liska, P. Lehnert, J. Picosecond time resolved electron injection from excited cresyl violet monomers and Cd3P2 quantum dots into Ti02, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1991, 194, 169. 

Crackel, R. L. Struve, W. S. Non-radiative excitation decay of cresyl violet on Ti02 Variation with dye-surface separation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1985, 120, 473. 

Liu, D. Kamat, P. V. Picosecond dynamics of cresyl violet H-aggregates adsorbed on Si02 and Sn02 nanocrystallites, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 105, 965. 

Metachromatic leukodystrophy Mental retardation Psychological disturbances in adult form Yellow-brown staining of nerves seen with cresyl violet dye... 

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