2,2 -bipyridyl tris

Hsu et al. [75,76] reported a new method for incorporating metal complexes into polyfluorenes to prepare phosphorescent polymers (polymer 47 and 48). A pyridine end-capped polyfluorene has been synthesized. The pyridine was used to form a polymer metal complex with 2,2-bipyridyl(tri-carbonyl)rhenium(I) chloride. Using the end-capping approach not only can control the molecular weight of polymer, but also avoid the interference of the metal complex and conjugated polymer in energy transfer. They can... 

Examples include luminescence from anthracene crystals subjected to alternating electric current (159), luminescence from electron recombination with the carbazole free radical produced by photolysis of potassium carba2ole in a fro2en glass matrix (160), reactions of free radicals with solvated electrons (155), and reduction of mtheiiium(III)tris(bipyridyl) with the hydrated electron (161). Other examples include the oxidation of aromatic radical anions with such oxidants as chlorine or ben2oyl peroxide (162,163), and the reduction of 9,10-dichloro-9,10-diphenyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene with the 9,10-diphenylanthracene radical anion (162,164). Many other examples of electron-transfer chemiluminescence have been reported (156,165). 

Classic A/-heterocychc ligands, eg, bipyridyl (bipy), terpyridyl, imidazole, pyrazine, phenanthroline, piperazine (including alkyl- and aryl-substituted derivatives), and polypyrazol-l-yl-borates (bis, tris, and tetra), have all been found to coordinate Th(IV) chlorides, perchlorates, and nitrates. The tripodal hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borates, HBPz, have been used to stabilize organometaHic complexes (31). Bis-porphyrin Th(IV) "sandwich" complexes have been... 

Organometallic compounds apart, oxidation states below - -2 are best represented by complexes with tris-bidentate nitrogen-donor ligands such as 2,2 -bipyridyl. Reduction by LiAlH4 in thf yields tris(bipyridyl) complexes in which the formal oxidation state of vanadium is -1-2 to —1. Magnetic moments are compatible with low-spin configurations of the metal but. 

Chromium, tetraaquadichloro-chloride dihydrate hydrate isomerism, 1, 183 Chromium, tetrabromo-solvated, 3, 758 synthesis, 3, 763 Chromium, tetrachloro-antiferromagnetic, 3, 761 ferromagnetic magnetic properties, 3,7559 optical properties, 3,759 structure, 3,759 solvated, 3. 758 synthesis. 3, 759 Chromium, tetrachlorooxy-tetraphenylarsenate stereochemistry, 1,44 Chromium, tetrahalo-, 3,889 Chromium, tetrakis(dioxygen)-stereochemistry, 1,94 Chromium, triamminediperoxy-structure. 1, 78 Chromium, tricyanodiperoxy-structure, 1, 78 Chromium, trifluoro-electronic spectra, 3, 757 magnetic properties, 3, 757 structures, 3, 757 synthesis, 3, 756 Chromium, trihalo-clcctronic spectra, 3, 764 magnetic properties, 3, 764 structure, 3, 764 synthesis, 3, 764 Chromium, tris(acetylacetone)-structure. 1, 65 Chromium, tris(bipyridyl)-... 

Cobalt, trichlorotris(l,2-ethylenediamine)-conformation, 1, 197 Cobalt, (triethylcnetetramine)-isomerism, 1, 200,201 Cobalt, trinitrato-structure, 1,67 Cobalt, tris(acetylacetone)-structure, 1, 62,65,67 Cobalt, tris(bipyridyl)-structure, 1,64... 

Iron, trinitrato(dinitrogen tetroxide)-structure, 1,28 Iron, tris(acetylacetone)-electron recording system, 6,127 structure, 1, 65 Iron, tris(bipyridyl)-... 

Ruthenium, tris(bipyridyl)-in hydrogen production from water, 6, 500, 506 in photochemical hydrogen production from water, 6. 499-510,502-506... 

Tris(bipyridyl) complexes structure, 1, 63 Tris(diketonate) complexes structure, 1,65 Trisdithiolencs metal complexes synthesis, 2, 597... 

A good example is the excited state of the tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(2+) ion, Ru(bpy)5+. This species results from the transfer of an electron from the metal to a ligand. In the language of localized valences, it is a ruthenium(3+) ion, coordinated to two bipyridines and to one bipyridyl radical anion in other words, [Ru3+(bpy)2(bpy )]2+. This excited state is a powerful electron donor and acceptor.17 The following equations show an example of each quenching mode ... 

Peter, K. and Thelakkat, M. (2003) Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional polymers carrying tris (bipyridyl)ruthenium(ll) and triphenylamine units. Macromolecules, 36, 1779-1785. 

The reductive coupling of allyl halides to 1,5-hexadiene at glassy C electrodes was catalyzed by tris(2, 2,-bipyridyl)cobalt(II) and tris(4,4 -dimethyl-2, 2/-bipyridyl)cobalt(II) in aqueous solutions of 0.1 M sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or 0.1 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).48 An organocobalt(I) intermediate was observed by its separate voltammetric reduction peak in each system studied. This intermediate undergoes an internal redox reaction to form 1,5-hexadiene... 

The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of quinolizidine alkaloids in Radix Sophora flavescens was assisted by using tris(2,2 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(n) electrochemoluminescence <2004MI237>. Tandem HPLC-MS techniques have allowed the development of a sensitive and specific method for the determination of sophocarpine, matrine, and sophoridine in rabbit plasma <2005MI1595>. 

Table 1 Colors (established by bulk electrolysis in acetonitrile) of the ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridyl complexes of the ligands given below, in all accessible oxidation states.15...

Luminescence spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive techniques for identification of impurities in dyes. The most commonly observed impurities in to-bipyridyl complexes of the type [RuL2X2] are the homoleptic tris-bipyridyl species [RuL3]2+. Since the emission quantum yields of the [RuL3]2+ complexes are significantly higher than those of the [RuL2X2] complexes, one can identify the homoleptic impurities at a level of less than 1%. This does depend, however, on the relative quantum yields, and position of the emission spectral maxima, for the complexes and impurities involved. 

The most simple case of a electron-transfer chemiluminescence has been realized recently by the reaction of hydrated electrons with tri-(bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) (J. E. Martin, E. J. Hart, A. W. Adamson, H. Gafney, and J. Halpern 212>) ... 

Nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl-carbon of 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (dzf, 12) coordinated to ruthenium has been demonstrated, and a mechanism outlined, for reaction of [Ru(bpy)2(dzf)]2+ with l,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0] undec-7-ene (dbu)13, which gives a tris-2,2 -bipyridyl derivative (400). 

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