Cress

Benzyl cyanide, C Hj. CH.,CN, or phenyl-aceto-nitrile, is a constituent of cress oil, and probably of neroli oil. It is a strong smelling liquid boiling at 231 5°, and having a specific gravity 1 0146 at 18°. On boiling with alcoholic potash it yields phenyl-acetic acid, which can be identified by its melting-point, 77°, and by the analysis of its silver salt. 

Kapuziner, m. Capuchin, -kresse, /. Indian cress, nasturtium. 

Kresotinsaure, /. creaotic add, creaotinic acid. Kresse, /. cress. 

Winter-grtin, n. wintergreen oil of winter-green ivy myrtle, periwinkle, -kresse, /. winter cress (Barfearea). -spritzung, /. (Agric.) dormant spray. 

Cabbage Cavli- Brussels Broc- Kohlrabi Cress Radish flower Sprouts coli... 

The wide distribution of this insecticide in other cruciferous crops was investigated later, and the stability and occurrence of this compound were studied. Two cabbage varieties, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, mustard, and kohlrabi contained 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate in various amounts as evidenced by gas-liquid chromatography and bioassay (houseflies and vinegar flies) (Table VII). Insecticidal activities were encountered only with root tissues. Compounds of insecticidal activity, not attributable to 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, were found in the edible parts of radish and leaves of turnip, rutabaga, and garden cress. 

Figure 5.15, Pressure in horizontal 25 rnni conveying line for Iransport of cress seed...

Figure 5.16. Effect of air rate on pressure drop for transport of cress seed in 4.8 m horizontal length...

Crane, M., Delaney, R, and Watson, S. et al. (1995). The effect of malathion 60 on Gammarus pulex below water cress beds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14, 1181-1188. 

Brussels sprouts/broccoli/ cabbage/mustard/garden cress/ cauliflower... 

Brussels sprouts/broccoli Brussels sprouts/red cabbage Brussels sprouts/cabbage/ mustard/garden cress/cauliflower... 

W-nitrosodiethylamine from soil by wheat, barley and several vegetable crops has been demonstrated (17,18). Rapid disappearance of the N-nitrosoamine absorbed by plants was observed. Sander et al. (19) observed that several W-nitrosoamines could be removed from water by cress, but the residues rapidly decreased when W-nitrosamine containing water was replaced with non-contaminated water. Dean-Raymond and Alexander (20) reported... 

Hare, P.D., Cress, W.A., and Van Staden, J., Proline synthesis and degradation a model system for elucidating stress-related signal transduction, J. Exp. Bot, 50, 413,... 

The dlterpene lactone 17-acetoxyacanthoaustralide (25) has minor effects, showing promotion of clover (112%), cucumber (109%) and Palmer amaranth (111%) and inhibition of carrot germination (91%). The flavonoid artemetin (26) at 0.05 mM concentrations slightly affects onion (93%), oat (91%) and promotes seed germinations In carrot (116%) and Palmer amaranth (113%). In closing, it is noteworthy to point out that lettuce and cress are not significantly affected by all ten sesquiterpene lactones as well as the dlterpene (25) and artemetin (26). 

Figure 2. Bioassay of several actinomycetous isolates on solid medium. Note striking inhibition of cress (top of plates), barnyard grass (middle), and cucumber (bottom) caused by isolates E5 and E8, compared to non-inoculated control (C). Cucumber was stimulated by D22 and F6.

Bioassay of Extracts. Extracts tested for the presence of cyclohexi-mide were also bioassayed for phytotoxicity. The extracts were redis-sOlved in acetone, and 0.2 mg in 2 pi was applied to 6-cm-dia disks of filter paper. The extract was distributed on the paper with 0.2 ml of methanol. The disks were dried with warm air, placed in 1.5 x 6 cm petri dishes, and moistened with 1.5 ml distilled water. Ten cress seeds were placed on the paper, and after incubation for 3 d at 28 C radicle length of the seedlings was measured. 

Table I. Comparison of soil samples with regard to total number of microorganisms isolated and the percentage of total causing severe toxicity (growth rating < 2 or germination < 75% of controls) to cucumber (Cucu), barnyard grass (Bygr), and cress...

Figure 3. Histograms showing growth response of cress, barnyard grass, and cucumber to 347 microbial isolates bioassayed on solid medium. Growth response 1) seedling growth minimal or germination nil, 2) pronounced inhibition, 3) slight inhibition, 4) growth comparable to controls, 5) stimulation over controls.

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