Cream alternatives

The agent of choice for scabies is permerthrin 5% (Elimite) cream. Alternative agents in subjects who cannot use permethrin are crotamiton 10% (Eurax) and oral ivermectin (Stromectal) 200 mcg/kg as a single dose. To initiate the treatment with permerthrin, the skin should be scrubbed in a warm soapy bath to remove the scabs. The permerthrin lotion should then be applied to the whole body, avoiding the face, mucous membranes, and eyes, and left on for 8 to 14 hours. A single application eradicates 97% of scabies. All close contacts should be treated appropriately. The pruritus associated with scabies may persist for 2 to 4 weeks because of the remnants of mite parts in the skin. 

Non-dairy creams (cream alternatives) are O/W emulsions stabilized by milk proteins. A relatively thick adsorption layer provides stability, mostly by steric stabilization and partly by electrostatic stabilization [829]. Figure 13.3 shows an example of a soybean-oil and milk-protein emulsion stabilized by fat globules and protein membranes. Stabilizers, such as hydrocolloid polysaccharides, are added to increase the continuous phase viscosity and reduce the extent of creaming. They must be stable enough to have a useful shelf-life but de-stabilize in a specific way when they are... 

Cyclopropyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide (5). The lactone salt is pyrolyzed by placing it in a round-bottom flask fitted with an adaptor attached to a vacuum source (aspirator is sufficient). The flask is heated (oil bath) to 180-190° for 48 hours. The residue is a virtual quantitative yield of the tan product, which may be crystallized from ethyl acetate giving cream crystals, mp 189-190°. An alternate setup is convenient if a drying pistol (Abderhalden) is available. The compound is placed in the pistol, which is then evacuated. Decalin (bp approx. 187°) is refluxed over the pistol to provide the heating source. The work-up is the same. 

French researchers provided an alternative to the tartrazine synthetic colorant (E 102), valorizing a phloridzine oxidation product (POP) generated as a by-product of the cider industry. Phloridzine is a polyphenol specific to apples and shows good antioxidant capacity. When apples are pressed to yield juice, phloridzine, oxygen, and polyphenoloxidase enzyme combine to form POP. This brilliant yellow natural colorant with nuances dependent on pH level can be incorporated easily into water-based foods such as beverages (juices, syrups) and confectionery creams because it is stable during production processes. Details about the specific formulations of these colorants are presented in Section 5.1. 

Alternatively, a sequence of pervaporation steps can be used to remove the reaction water (Figure 4.10). The reaction solution is pumped through a first fixed-bed reactor and afterwards a pervaporation module is used to remove the water at 80 °C. The solution is subsequently cooled to 60 °C and passed through a second reactor unit. After the next pervaporation step the water content is lowered to 0.2 wt%. By this process, isopropyl myristate is produced from myristyric acid. This and other esters of isopropyl alcohol are used in soaps, skin creams, lubricants and greases [43],... 

The generally low lipid content and the poor viscosity of lipid nanodispersions make these preparations, as they are, less suitable for dermal drug application. The handling of the preparation by the patient is improved by SLN incorporation into ointments, creams, and gels. Alternatively, ready-to-use preparations may be obtained by one-step production, increasing the lipid phase to at least 30%. However, increasing the lipid frequently results in an unwanted increase in particle size. Surprisingly, it has been found that very concentrated (30 to 40%) semisolid cetyl palmitate formulations preserve the colloidal particle size [10]. 

The two azoles most commonly used topically are clotrimazole and miconazole several others are available (see Preparations Available). Both are available over-the-counter and are often used for vulvovaginal candidiasis. Oral clotrimazole troches are available for treatment of oral thrush and are a pleasant-tasting alternative to nystatin. In cream form, both agents are useful for dermatophytic infections, including tinea corporis, tinea pedis, and tinea cruris. Absorption is negligible, and adverse effects are rare. 

Crotamiton (Eurax) is available as a cream or lotion. Suggested guidelines for scabies treatment call for two applications to the entire body from the chin down at 24-hour intervals, with a cleansing bath 48 hours after the last application. Crotamiton is an effective agent that can be used as an alternative to lindane. Allergic contact hypersensitivity and primary irritation may occur, necessitating discontinuance of therapy. Application to acutely inflamed skin or to the eyes or mucous membranes should be avoided. 

Type, e-mail, or hand-write your note on personal stationery. If you choose to type your note, follow a standard business letter format. A much more personal alternative is to hand-write your thank you note on a professional-looking note card, which can be purchased at any stationery, greeting card, or office-supply store. The card should be white or cream colored with minimal ornamentation. Nowacki added, "The personal touch will add a lot to further a positive impression and help to separate you from your competition."... 

Chlorofluorocarbon Alternatives. There still is no completely satisfactory propellant for use in the aerosol method of foam production. Chloroflu-orocarbons, still widely used, are harmful 10 atmospheric ozone and low molecular weight hydrocarbons, now popular, e g., in producing shaving cream, are explosive and promote the greenhouse effect. See also Fluorine. 

A coarse texture may also develop as a result of heat shock, which involves alternate thawing and freezing of the water in the ice cream owing to temperature fluctuations in the hardening and storage cabinet. This results in a reduction of the textural quality of the ice cream. 

Baker VL. Alternatives to oral estrogen replacement. Transdermal patches, percutaneous gels, vaginal creams and rings, implants, other methods of delivery. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1994 21(2) 271-97. 

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