Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus

Tama F, Brooks CL III (2002) The mechanism and pathway of ph induced swelling in cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. J. Mol. Biol. 318 733-747... 

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), 14 CCMV. See Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), 5... 

As a close relative to the brome mosaic virus the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) possesses an outer diameter of 28 nm, is assembled from 180 subunits that create an icosahedral type structure, and contains an RNA core. Another similarity is the cationic interior surface of the viral capsid which is formed from subunits with highly basic N-termini (6 positively charged arginine and 3 lysine residues) that project into the cavity and stabilize the RNA core. However as a potential biomineralization template, the electrostatic environment of the virion cavity precludes any cationic metal precursors and thus limits its applicability for nanoparticle synthesis. 

Raman spectroscopy has yielded detailed molecular information on several viruses and other DNA and RNA complexes (see [2] pp. 198-201). Here, one recent example, the RNA-based cowpea chlorotic mottle virus [61], will be discussed since it illustrates the wealth of detail which may be gained from the Raman spectrum. At the same time the study provides examples of the conformationally sensitive RNA and protein features mentioned in the foregoing sections. 

Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus is an icosahedral RNA virus made up of three nonidentical ribonucleoprotein particles. The Raman spectra of the intact virus and its individual component protein shell (capsid) and RNA parts are shown in Fig. 17. The base and backbone contributions are identified in the spectrum of the RNA while the amide, CHj and CH3 contributions are indicated in the spectrum of the protein. Most of the other features in the capsid spectrum can be assigned to aromatic side chain modes. By analysing the small spectral differences observed as a function of pH and by comparing the spectrum of the intact virus by difference spectroscopy with spectra of capsids, subunit dimers and protein-free RNA, Thomas and his coworkers [61] have demonstrated that a good deal of detailed information may be obtained ... 

Three ieosahedral viruses emerged as useful templates with eage-like architectures for nanotechnology cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and Norwalk virus (NV) (Fig. 2). CCMV and CPMV are both plant viruses, while NV is an animal virus. 

C) Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) unswollcn and... 

Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) T = 3 icosahedral symmetry 180 copies of a single protein 28 nm in diameter PDB ID 1CWP... 

Electrostatic Interactions between RNA and Protein Capsid in Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus Simulated by a Coarse-grain RNA Model and Monte Carlo Approach. 

Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) see Bromovirus group Cowpea mosaic virus assembly 6, 4 general 77, 2 C-type particles see RNA tumor viruses Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) see Cucumovirus group Cucumovirus group assembly 6, 3 general 77, 1... 

In another study, the DNA micelles were used as scaffolds to assemble viral capsids. Below the critical micelle cmicentration the micelles are prone to disassociation, therefore amphiphilic DNA-polymer conjugates, which assemble into micelles, were used to induce the assembly of the Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus capsids at neutral pH [100]. The resulting nanocontainers made up of viral capsids were shown to be very stable against dilution and potentially excellent carriers for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs in biomedicine (Fig. 18a). 

Brasch et al. reported the encapsulation of a stimuli-responsive self-immolative polymer within virus-like assemblies of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus [134]. Upon photo-irradiation, the self-immolative polymer undergoes a head-to-tail depolymerization... 

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