Covert

The detection of a specific gas (10) is accompHshed by comparing the signal of the detector that is constrained to the preselected spectral band pass with a reference detector having all conditions the same except that its preselected spectral band is not affected by the presence of the gas to be detected. Possible interference by other gases must be taken into account. It may be necessary to have multiple channels or spectral discrimination over an extended Spectral region to make identification highly probable. Except for covert surveillance most detection scenarios are highly controlled and identification is not too difficult. 

Other uses include use as a reaction and extraction solvent in pharmaceutical production as an intermediate for the preparation of catalysts, antioxidants (qv), and perfumes and as a feedstock in the production of methyl isopropenyl ketone, 2,3-butanedione, and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. Concern has also arisen at the large volume of exported MEK which has been covertly diverted and used to process cocaine in Latin American countries... 

When reactor-grade plutonium is left in spent fuel, the large size of the fuel assembhes and the lethal radiation fields make it extremely difficult to divert the material covertly. Once the reactor-grade plutonium is separated in the commercial reprocessing option, however, the radiation barrier is almost eliminated, and in certain steps of the process the plutonium is in powder or Hquid form, which is much more easily diverted than large, bulky fuel... 

In addition, under the Nonproliferation Treaty, which most larger nations have signed, the IAEA monitors plutonium from power reactors so as to detect covert diversion. 

Fig. 2. Effect of temperature on the shear modulus of dry nylon-6,6 (—) and nylon-6,6 plus 30% glass fiber (-). To covert MPa to psi, multiply by 145.

Material of construction of sensor not suited for operating environment. Loss of sensing capability, leading to unwanted consequences such as spurious trips, overt (announced) and covert (unannounced) faults. 

Avoid equipment/systems subject to covert (unannounced) faults... 

Covert Fault Faults that can be classified as hidden, concealed, unannounced, undetected, unrevealed, latent, etc. In the case of safety instrumented systems covert faults impair the intended safeguarding function without being apparent to the operator. Covert faults can only be detected by testing or challenging the system. 

Larson, T. V., Covert, D.S., Frank, R., and Charlson, R.J. (1977). Ammonia in the human airways neutralization of inspired acid sulfate aerosols. Science 197, 161-163. 

Observations are appropriate for recording physical task sequences, or verbal interactions among several people. They are not suitable for collecting precision performance data, or studying cognitive tasks which involve covert mental processing. 

Colloca L, Lopiano L, Lanotte M et al (2004) Overt versus covert treatment for pain, anxiety and Parkinson s disease. Lancet Neurol 3 679-684... 

Schilling CH, Covert MW, Famili I, Church GM, Edwards JS, Palsson BO. Genome-scale metabolic model of Helicobacter pylori 26695. J Bacteriol 2002 184 4582-93. 

COMMENT Just a very brief comment that originally followed up on the idea of pharmacologic challenge. It is a very powerful technique with which one can detect underlying or covert neurochemical deficits. 

Liu, J. Li, Q. Yang, X. van Breemen, R. B. Bolton, J. L. Thatcher, G. R. Analysis of protein covalent modification by xenobiotics using a covert oxidatively activated tag raloxifene proof-of-principle study. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2005, 18, 1485-1496. 

Wendell Minnick, author of Spies and Provocateurs An Encyclopedia of Espionage and Covert Action, reports he spent two years and over 1,000 in phone bills researching the Finders. There are two somewhat conflicting reports on the Finders from Minnick. In a May, 1996, Washington City Paper, Minnick states "the Finders would love you to think they re a CIA front, but I would say they re really nothing. You re going to hear a lot of bullshit on the Finders because they lie. These are... 

From 1992 on, I have had the opportunity to interview Gunther Russbacher, a man who claims to have been one of the top covert agents for the CIA. In past issues of The PROBE we have detailed his involvement as the pilot for George Bush during the October Surprise dealings and other clandestine actions involving American POW/MIA s (See PROBE 1 and 4). Naturally, in the mainstream press and even in some of the alternative press the debunking efforts have been successful. However, there is still evidence of his credibility that is not addressed by the skeptics, so conversely he does have a measure of credibility. 

An alternative (and much simpler) way of solving 20.4-6 is to covert it from a boundary- value problem to an initial-value problem, which may then be numerically integrated. 

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