Coupling agents acrylic acid

There are polymer additives that can serve the function of coupling agents. Acrylic acid-modified polypropylene has been used to improve the properties of filled and reinforced polypropylene compounds. Fig. 7 shows the improvement in tensile strength that is obtained... 

Another interesting difference in polymerization behavior between methacrylic acid and acrylic acid is the remarkable observation that the reducing agent sodium bisulfite will cause the initiation of the polymerization of methacrylic acid while it does not initiate the polymerization of acrylic acid. It has been suggested that sodium bisulfite and methacrylic acid form a redox couple whereas acrylic acid and sodium bisulfite undergo some sort of addition reaction to form nonradical products [51]. 

Some years ago, Malmstrom etal. synthesized water-soluble metal phosphine complexes based on water-soluble polymers [41], In order to have solubility in both an acidic and a basic medium, they prepared two different water-soluble polymers. For the first, they made methyl [4-(diphenylphosphino)benzyl]amine (PNH) react with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) using dicydocarbodiimide (DCC) as the coupling agent, under strict exclusion of oxygen (25). For the second, they reacted (4-carboxy-phenyl)diphenylphosphine with polyethylene imine (PEI) at room temperature (26). The reduction by sodium borohydride was made in situ, followed by the addition of methanesulfonic add and diethyl ether. Then, the methanesulfonic salt of phosphinated polyethylenimine was predpitated. 

Again in water as medium, styrene and acrylic acid were coupled with aryl bromides or iodides using K2C03 as a base, NBu4Br as a PT agent and PdCl2/P(o-Tol)3 as an organometallic catalyst (Scheme 1). Isolated yields were mostly in the order of 70-90% [21],... 

Examples of various coupling agents in order of appearance are maleic anhydride (59), alkyl vinyl ether (65), acrylic or methacrylic acid (67), vinyl... 

With the purpose of conferring thermosensitivity to chitosan-based hydrogels. Park et al. proposed the grafting of carboxylic acid-terminated poly(ethylene oxide-h-propylene oxide) block copolymer (Pluronic) onto the primary amine of chitosan, mediated by EDC coupling agent [102]. With the same purpose, Wang et al. grafted poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (NiPAM) chains onto chitosan by the copolymerization of acrylic acid-derivatized chitosan and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) in aqueous solution [103]. 

Synonyms Isododecanol Isolauryl alcohol Uses Antifoam coupling agent dispersant emollient emulsifier release agent solubilizer intermediate for sulfation, ethoxylation, esterification, phosphation, etc., for prod, of acrylates, adipates, aldehydes, alkyl ether sulfates, halides, alkyl phoshates, fatty acid esters, etc. 

Amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers, capable of forming pH-sensitive reversible hydrogels useful in waterborne formulations, have been prepared by anionic polymerization and explored in aqueous media. Telechelic polyelectrolytes, for example, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) end-capped by PSt short blocks, were prepared by the coupling agent method using tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) and postpolymerization hydrolysis to obtain the desired PAA central block (Scheme 3). ... 

Grafting of silane coupling agents or maleic anhydride or acrylic acid to improve filler-polymer adhesion. The typical plant lay-out is given in Figure 6.7. 

The introduction of a reactive functionality into the polymer, such as unsaturation, offers the potential to use organic acids as coupling agents, but mixed results have been reported. A number of potentially suitable unsaturated products exist, notably, maleic acid and anhydride, acrylic and methacrylic adds, and unsaturated versions of fatty acids such as oleic acid. The acidities and double-bond reactivities of these compounds widely vary depending on their structures, and this probably accounts for the marked differences in their performance. Compounds such as acrylic acid have both high addity and high double-bond reactivity due to the proximity of the carbonyl group to the double bond. The only commercial products specifically developed for use with filled polymer systems are from Lubrizol Advanced Materials (SOLPLUS). 

Maleated polypropylene and acrylic acid grafted polypropylene are used as chemical coupling agents in filled and reinforced polypropylene. These chemical cou-... 

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