Cotton micro-organisms

The vessel (V) consists of a hollow cylinder and two taps which are screwed onto the vessel shell. They are supplied with one hollow, where a small quantity of bacteriological cotton is fitted in order to avoid losses of micro-organism to the surroundings, and with a porous metallic filter (average pore-diameter, 5 pm) acting as a CCVdistributor. Such a filter (frit) allows the gas to flow and to get atomization in micro-bubbles, but it does not allow the liquid to leak. There are two seals the first one is in Teflon, between the tap and the filter, the second is a neoprene O-ring between the vessel and the tap. 

Cerium(lV) compounds with suitable reducing agents, readily initiate the redox polymerization of, for example, vinyl monomers [22]. This property is used to initiate graft polymerization of vinyl monomers onto cellulose, wool, starch, cotton, etc. in order to, e.g. improve mechanical strength, resist moisture penetration and reduce micro-organism attack. 

Alkalis or micro-organisms can cause the individual fibrils to become detached at the surface and project in little tufts. These can be recognized by microscopic examination. The tufts appear as a lighter shade after dyeing because they reflect the light differently, but once they have made their appearance nothing can eliminate them. Silk which is affected in this way is said to be lousy . A test for lousiness which is recommended by the Cotton,... 

Resistance to microbial penetration is important for all products and in a hospital one can find micro-organisms in the air and in liquids (for example in the blood of the patient). The solid particle, like cotton fibers, has a size of 10-40 pm. Bacteria has a size of 0.5-20 pm. The size of the viruses amounts to 0.01-0.3 pm. 

Seventekin, N. Heard, O. (1993). The damage caused by micro-organisms to cotton fdloncs. Journal of Textile Institute, 84, 304-313. 

Carbon fiber electrode - Edison produced the first carbon fibers by carbonization of cotton threads in 1879. Today polyacrylonitrile (as well as Rayon and various other organic precursors) is the most common precursor for carbon fiber formation [i]. Carbonization of polyacrylonitrile is carried out at 1500 °C to give highly electrically conducting fibers with 5-10 pm diameter. Fibers carbonized at up to 2500 °C are more graphitic with a carbon content of >99%. Carbon fiber-based materials have found many applications due to their exceptionally high tensile strength. In electrochemistry carbon fiber -> micro electrodes are very important in analytical detection [ii] and for in vivo electrochemical studies [iii]. Carbon fiber textiles are employed in - carbon felt electrodes. 

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