Cotton aphid

Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide is a colorless oil, completely soluble in water, benzene, acetone, and many other common organic solvents except the paraffinic hydrocarbons. Its hydrolysis rate has not been measured, but it appears stable in the absence of alkali. In England, this systemic insecticide has been used to control aphids on hops. There it has been calculated that only a negligible quantity of the poison ultimately may find its way into the beer made from the hops. Despite calculations of this sort, the use of octamethyl pyrophosphoramide on food or fodder crops in this country is definitely not to be recommended. However, it may prove useful if properly applied to control certain insects, especially those attacking ornamental plants, such as rosebushes, and possibly on the cotton aphid and grape phylloxera. The compound has only recently been made available experimentally. 

Cotton pests that are common both to the United States and tropical America include the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), the cotton leafworm [Alabama argillacea (Hbn.)], and certain grasshoppers and spider mites. Certain species of stink bugs, mirids, and cutworms which are closely related to species that occur here at times cause serious injury to cotton throughout Mexico and Central and South America. 

Aphid Alarm Pheromones. When aphids are attacked by predators they produce droplets of secretion from their cornicles whose odor initiates escape behavior in nearby siblings. The first alarm pheromone was identified by Bowers et al. (2A) for the rose, pea, greenbug, and cotton aphids as trans-0-farnesene. The macrocyclic hydrocarbon germacrene A was subsequently identified as the alarm pheromone of the sweetclover and spotted alfalfa aphids (Figure 6) (25., 25.). 

Villatte, F., Auge, D., Touton, P, Delorme, R., and Fournier, D., Negative cross-resistance in insecticide-resistant cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 65,55,1999. 

Moores, G.D., Gao, X.. Denholm. I. and Devonshire, A.L. (1996). Characterisation of insensilive acetylcholinesterase in insecticide-resistant cotton aphids. Aphis gussypti Glover (liomopiera Aphididac). Pestic. Bioehem. Physiol. 5fi, 102-110-... 

Satoll. G.T. and Plapp, F.W, Jr (1993). Use of juvenoids for management of Cotton aphids and sweet-potato whitelly populations. In Proceedings 1993 Beltwide Cotton Conferences. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TtV... 

Satoh, G.T., Plapp, F.W. Jr and SJosser. J.H. (1995). Potential of juvenoid insect growth regulators for management of cotton aphids (liomoptera Aphididae). / Peart. pinto-mvi. 88, 254-258. 

Hall RA. Control of whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, in glasshouses hy two isolates of the fungus Verticillium lecanii. Ann Appl Biol 101 1-11, 1982. 

Diafenthiuron has a useful spectrum of activity that cannot be found in insecticides of other chemical classes at the recommended rate of 300-400 g-a.i. ha [60] it controls not only the important sucking insect complex of cotton, especially the cotton whitefly, cotton aphid, cotton leafhoppers, but also tetranychid and tarsonemid mites and young larvae of noctuids [61]. 

Kim Y-S, Lim S, Kang K-K, Jung Y-J, Lee Y-H, Choi Y-E, Sana H (2011) Resistance against beet armyworms and cotton aphids in caffeine-producing transgenic chrysanthemum. Plant Biotechnol 28 393-395... 

Wu, K. and Y. Guo. 2003. Influences of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner cotton planting on population dynamics of the cotton aphid. Aphis gossypii Glover, in Northern China. Environ. Entomol. 32 312-318. 

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