Cost with heat recovery, investment

ESTIMATED INVESTMENT COSTS FOR LARGE MODULAR REFUSE INCINERATION SYSTEMS WITH HEAT RECOVERY... 

Investment, Costs, and Prices for Barley and Malt. Estimated malthouse investment (1993) and costs for a new malthouse with annual capacity of 120,000 t are shown in Table 2. This malthouse is equipped with twelve 1,700-bushel steep tanks, eight 10,000-bushel germination compartments, and two double-deck kilns. The kilns are equipped with standard heat recovery units and indirect heat. 

Considering the energy and maintenance costs during the life cycle, the cheapest investment is not always the best. It may, for instance, be profitable to buy a ventilation unit with a heat recovery system, which may increase the unit investment by 50%. The return on the investment in such a case may be in excess of 20%. 

Continuous deodorizers are generally preferred for high-capacity plants with few stock changes. The main advantages are the moderate investment costs, the possibility of high heat recovery and the easy maintenance. 

Table 4.37 gives economic data for the example plants. For foundry G, the investment costs for a hot blast cupola with bag filter and extensive heat recovery are given. The operational costs for 1994 (after refurbishment of the melting shop) were 25 % lower than those for 1985, i.e. with the old melting furnace. For foundry H, investment costs for 1980 - 1981 are given. After refurbishment, the operational costs went down by 2 %/tonne of liquid iron. 

In nearly all ammonia plants the same material is used as both feedstock and fuel. The fuel requirements may be 40% of the total or mcwe, depending on the ext t to which heat recovery equipment is used. In previous years when fuel was inexpensive, many ammonia plante were built with minimum heat recovery facilities. Buividas et al. give an example of how the fuel requirement (natural gas) was decreased by 34% through more efficient energy use, which primarily included high-pressure steam generation and preheating combustion air to the reformers I7I, The decrease in total fuel plus feedstock reqiure-ment was about 15%. The increase in fuel efficiency was obtained at the expense of about 6% increase in plant investment costs. Table 6.8 shows the requirements for fuel plus feedstock that assume efficient heat recovery. 

A common feature to all multifunctional reactors is that they allow substitution of at least two process units with a single reactor, where all the operations of interest are carried out simultaneously. A likely consequence is the reduction of investment costs, which is often combined with significant energy recovery and/or saving. Consider, for instance, the case of reactive distillation, where the heat of reaction allows reduction of the heat required at the boiler of the distillation column. 

The installation of a Norelco recondensing system was estimated at 65, 000 with approximately 4,000 calculated as the annual cost of operating the recovery system. Based on annual fixed charges of 28 per cent of capital investment, the net profit to the storage facility is calculated at 37, 000 annually on an incremental investment of 20,000, Thus, in special applications where the static heat leak to the tank is not the only loss factor, the combined use of a tank with less effective insulation and a vapor recovery system could effect large savings for the installation. 

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