Cost implication

The rate at which the catalyst is lost or degrades has a major influence on the design. If degradation is rapid, the catalyst needs to be regenerated or replaced on a continuous basis. In addition to the cost implications, there are also environmental implications, since the lost or degraded catalyst represents waste. While it is often possible to recover useful materials from degraded catalyst and to recycle those materials in the manufacture of new catalyst, this still inevitably creates waste, since the recovery of material can never be complete. 

Different utility options such as furnaces, gas turbines, and different steam levels can be assessed more easily and with greater confidence knowing the capital cost implications for the heat exchanger network. 

Sullivan, R., and Selkowitz, S. (1987). Residential Heating and Cooling Energy Cost Implications Associated wath Window Type. ASHRAE Transactions 93(1) 1525—1539. 

The durability of a building (i.e. its life expectancy and its resistance to deterioration) is determined by deliberate design decisions relating to stmcture and choice of materials as much as to the natural or precipitate process of ageing. Within certain limits, the design of an industrial building can and should take into account the predicted use or lifespan of the process or method of operation which it is to accommodate. To aim at durability beyond that has ascertainable cost implications. These may be acceptable if the building is to serve future known or even unpredictable purposes. 

Rice DP, Miller LS (1998). Health economics and cost implications of anxiety and other mental disorders in the United States. Br J Psychiatry 173 (suppl. 34), 4-9. 

Use of an expensive coupling reagent to promote the amide bond formation A long-term cost implication... 

Cost implication of the relatively high rhodium catalyst loading. 

Cost implications of the high hydrogenation pressure and limited number of facilities that such a reaction could operate in. 

The true energy costs associated with a production expansion require the true cost implications in the utility system to be established, even if there is no capital investment required in the utility system. 

The only way to reconcile the true cost implications of a reduction in steam demand created by an energy reduction project is to use the optimization techniques described in the previous section. An optimization model of the existing utility system must first be set up. Starting with the steam load on the main with the most expensive steam (generally the highest pressure), this is gradually reduced and the utility system reoptimized at each setting of the steam load. The steam load can only be reduced to the point where the flowrate constraints are not violated. 

The cost implications of pharmacogenomics, both at the individual and societal levels, are the subject of considerable debate, as discussed in detail in Chapter 12 of this book. One possible scenario is that pharmacogenomic-based medications will be more expensive and therefore not as widely available as pharmaceutical products intended for wider distribution (Rai, 2001 Rothstein and Epps, 2001). We attempted to determine whether members of the public believed that they would be able to afford these new pharmaceutical products. To do so, we asked the following question (Question 9) ... 

However, applicability of the bottom-up approach is limited primarily by cost implications to conduct ecosystem risk assessment following accurately the formal U.S. EPA procedure, an assessor must spent huge amounts of time and money on collecting necessary input data, data processing and interpreting the outputs. Of importance, very specific data are often required that cannot be easily obtained with the help of standard environmental monitoring studies. 

In the absence of intensive training programmes, with their considerable cost implications, the quality of data is highly variable from doctor to doctor. 

NICE recommendations will have a major impact on the direction of industry research and development. It will also have major impact on politicians and civil servants who run the NHS, since NICE recommendations have already had considerable cost implications. 

Burke MJ, Preskorn SH (1999) Therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants cost implications and relevance to clinical practice. Clin Pharmacokinet 37 147-165 Cardon LR, Abecasis GR (2003) Using haplotype blocks to map hiunan complex trait loci. Trends Genet 19 135-140... 

Burke MJ, Preskorn SH. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants cost implications and relevance to clinical practice. Clin Pharmacokinet 1999 37 147-165. 

A rigorous assessment of the costs and benefits of setting a standard will be necessary for standards that are to be legally binding and could have serious cost implications. However, standards that are advisory or provisional will require less detailed social and economic analysis. There is certainly more leeway in examining the costs to industry of complying with a standard that it is not obliged to meet. 

The business environment might be under rapid change, so that the cost implications of the standard could change and assumptions in the standardsetting process become invalid. 

Apart from regulations aimed at product quality, there are also issues concerned with the safe operation of certain processes, for example, where genetically modified or pathogenic microorganisms are being handled. In such cases, the bioseparation process is normally contained in other words, the potential for release of hazardous material is minimized by various methods. Many bioseparations also involve the use of solvents which must be handled in appropriately designed equipment and facilities with proper explosion protection. Again there are cost implications associated with these types of processes which must be identified at the outset of the development phase. 

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