Cosolvents, pharmaceutical surfactants

The new cyclosporine formulation (Sandimmun Neoral, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ) is a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, which consists of the drug in a lipophilic solvent (corn oil), hydrophilic cosolvent (propylene glycol) surfactant and an antioxidant [37]. Upon contact with GI fluids, Sandimmun Neoral readily forms a homogenous, monophasic microemulsion, which allows the absorption of the drug molecules. Unlike Sandimmun, the formation of this microemulsion is independent of bile salt activity, and indeed, studies have shown that the absorption of cyclosporine from the new formulation is much less dependent on bile flow [38] and is unaffected by food intake [39],... 

Identification of pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles that afford sufficient solubilization while maximizing physiological compatibility for preclinical pharmacokinetic evaluation is critical. The most frequently used solubilization techniques include pH manipulation for ionizable compounds use of cosolvents such as PEG 400, ethanol, DMSO, and propylene glycol micellar solubilization with surfactants such as Tween 80 or SLS complexation with cylodextrins [40]. By using the solubilization techniques, the enhancement in solubility of poor water-soluble compounds can be significant compared to aqueous solubility and can facilitate the absorption of drug molecules in the gastrointestinal tract when delivered in solution form. 

Uses Synthetic fibers evaporation retardant on water surfaces surfactant for polymerization emollient in cosmetics foam control agent cosolvent plasticizer mfg. of household/industrial cleaners, personal care prods., textile auxs.. plasticizers, ore flotation, oil well drilling, metal lubricants, agric. additives raw material, consistency agent, emollient for pharmaceuticals as antihistamine in surf, lubricants for mfg. of food-contact metallic articles Regulatory EDA 21CER 178.3910... 

HMIS Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Uses Perfumery surfactants lubricant for plastics processing resins antifoam food additive intermediate in mfg. of food additives surfactant, emulsion stabilizer, emulsifier, emollient, stiffener, astringent in pharmaceuticals cosolvent emulsifier, thickener, emollient, emulsion stabilizer, opacifier, vise, control agent in cosmetics in food-pkg. adhesives in food-contact coatings defoamer in food-contact coatings and paper/paperboard in cellophane for food pkg. food-contact textiles... 

Properties HLB 4.9 nonionic Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 25,800 mg/kg mildly toxic by ing. TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Solubilizer, emulsifier, surfactant, dispersant, stabilizer, spreading agent, emollient, cosolvent for cosmetics, detergents, fragrances, textiles, leather, paper, pharmaceuticals Features Lipophilic... 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifier, solubilizer, cosolvent, thickener, emollient, opacifier, spreading agent, wetting agent, dispersant for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, foods, agric., plastics, other industries defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings in resin-bonded filters for food contact in food-contact textiles... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, household prods., industrial applies., polymerization, pulp/paper, metalworking, lubricants, textiles, agric., paints, adhesives emulsifier in food pkg. oil additive corrosion inhibitor cosolvent stabilizer for foods antimicrobial in cane and beet sugar mills Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.320, 178.3400 Europe listed UK approved FDA approved for intramuscular injectables NF, BP, EP compliance Manuf./Distrib. ASiE Connock http //www.connock.co.uk, Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich. com. Ash land... 

Uses Surfactant intermediate raw material for ethoxylation, sulfation, etc. stabilizer in emulsion polymerization lubricant in rigid PVC emollient, emulsifier, emulsion stabilizer, opacifier, vise, control agent in cosmetics cosolvent, emollient, consistency agent for pharmaceutical creams, hand lotions, bath oils, shaving creams pearlescent shampoo ingred. antiseptic in topical anti-infective prods. in food-pl. adhesives... 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, vise, control agent, defoamer, lubricant, wetting agent, cosolvent for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, plastics, textiles, metalworking, agric., foods, water treatment in food-pkg. adhesives adjuvant in mfg. of paper/paperboard in contact with aq./fatty/dry foods defoamer in food-contact coatings... 

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