Cosmetic effect

Oral treatment offers the advantage of bringing all the lesions at all sites under control, in addition to the absence of unpleasant cosmetic effects. In certain cases, it may be preferable to use oral treatment for C. albicans vaginitis and for extensive and persistent pityriasis versicolor, a skin disorder caused by Pityrosporum orbiculare. In the case of onychomycosis, a combination treatment, topical plus systemic, is required. It is preferable to use oral treatment for deep and systemic mycoses, though intravenous or intrathecal treatment is sometimes required. 

A National Secondary Drinking Water Regulation (NSDWR or secondary standard) is a non-enforceable guideline regarding contaminants that may cause cosmetic effects (such as skin or tooth discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or color) in drinking water. EPA recommends secondary standards to water systems but does not require systems to comply. However, states may choose to adopt them as enforceable standards. This information focuses on national primary standards. 

Free radical and excited ion formation Bond scission/cross-linking Cosmetic effects Drug/polymer reactions Effects vary with geometry/additives... 

Botulinum exotoxin impedes release of neurotransmitter vesicles from cholinergic terminals at neuromuscular junctions. Botulinum exotoxin is ingested with food or, in infants, synthesized in situ by anaerobic bacteria that colonize the gut. A characteristic feature of botulinum paralysis is that the maximal force of muscle contraction increases when motor nerve electrical stimulation is repeated at low frequency, a phenomenon attributable to the recruitment of additional cholinergic vesicles with repetitive depolarization of neuromuscular presynaptic terminals. Local administration of Clostridium botulinum exotoxin is now in vogue for its cosmetic effects and is used for relief of spasticity in dystonia and cerebral palsy [21]. 

The development of bilateral cataracts has been reported in chronic intoxication due to the repeated ingestion of dinitro-o-cresol for ill-advised therapeutic purposes cataracts have not been observed after industrial or agricultural exposure. Contact with the eyes or absorption of DNOC by any route can cause a characteristic yellow staining of the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. DNOC stains human skin yellow on contact. Although the yellow staining of the skin and sclera may be unsightly, such cosmetic effects are not regarded as adverse. ... 

The risk of fluorosis is only of concern for children below about 8 years of age, because enamel can no longer be affected once pre-eruptive maturation has occurred [89]. As far as cosmetic effects are concerned, the critical age is somewhat younger because at this age the central incisors are undergoing development, and hence are at a stage that makes them susceptible to fluorosis. For children at the age likely to be affected, the main sources of fluoride are drinking water, processed food and beverages, toothpaste and other dental products (i.e., tablets or drops). 

Compounds causing cosmetic effects (e.g., skin or tooth discoloration)... 

As noted above for Hepatic Effects, DNOC is a yellow compound that stains human and animal ski on contact. While the yellow staining of the skin and sclera may be unsightly, such cosmetic effects are not regarded as adverse. 

Dermal Effects. Maculopapular urticarial eruptions were observed in a 14 1/2-year-old female after oral exposure to 2.27 mg/kg/day DNOC for 11 days (Gordon and Wallfield 1935) and a 36-year-old woman who received 0.75 mg/kg/day DNOC for 11 weeks (Plotz 1936). In both cases, the urticaria occurred within 1-4 days after the dose was increased. DNOC is a yellow staining compound that stains human (Hunter 1950) and animal (Ambrose 1942) skin on contact. While the yellowish appearance of the skin may be unsightly, such cosmetic effects are not considered adverse. 

Watei in-oil creams, e.g. oily cream, zinc cream, behave like oils in that they do not mix with serous discharges, but their chief advantage over ointments (below) is that the water content makes them easier to spread and they give a better cosmetic effect. They act as lubricants and emollients, and can be used on hairy parts. Water-in-oU creams can be used as vehicles for lipid-soluble substances. A dry skin is mainly short of water, and oily substances are needed to provide a barrier that reduces evaporation of water, i.e. the presence of oils contributes to epidermal hydration. 

National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (secondary standard) are nonenforceable criteria/ guidelines. They are set at levels that protect against aesthetic effects (e.g., taste, odor, or color) and/or cosmetic effects (e.g., teeth and skin discoloration). Secondary standards are not enforceable under the federal SDWA, however, states can adopt them as enforceable standards. 

For anorexia, weight gain, fertility, hair growth, cosmetic effect, smoking cessation, or symptomatic relief... 

During a full-face phenol peel, 2.5-5 ml of phenol solution is usually applied on the skin. The conventional formulas (Litton and Baker) use concentrations of around 50%. Applying 3-4 cm of solution therefore leaves 1.5-2 g of phenol on the skin. It is important to be aware of the fact that the toxicity of phenol solutions appears to be paradoxical, as, up to a certain point, diluted solutions can be more toxic than concentrated ones. Publications report that simple aqueous dilutions of 2 parts phenol to 1 part water (i.e. solutions with a concentration of around 33% ) are usually the most dangerous. Some phenol peel formulations still use this concentration, however, confusing speed of penetration with cosmetic effectiveness. 

This value of [0]ci is an underestimate of about 10-30%. When a molecularly dispersed state is found which obeys both equations 84 and 86, then it is called the pseudoreference state (prs) and its absorption curve is to be used to calculate the values of Ga and Q for the corrected ellipticity curve. This is sufficient to provide reasonable estimates of the mean residue ellipticities at 224 and 190 nm. Since these are the important values for estimating the amount of a-helix, the result is sufficient. The differential light scattering term, however, can be estimated by using the ORD curve of the pseudoreference state as outlined in equations 81 and 82. This is more of a cosmetic effect to see that the entire curve generally conforms to the a-helix pattern implied by the mean residue ellipticities at 224 and 190nm using equation 44. 

U.S. 5612025 (1997) Cauwet-Martin et al. (L Oreal) Mixture of conditioning polymers a quaternary poly ammonium polymer with mol wt < 100,000, a polymer with 70-90% Ci-Cjs diallyldialkylammonium units and 30—10% acrylic or methacrylic units Synergistic cosmetic effect improved softness of hair and skin improved disentangling... 

From a purely phenomenological viewpoint, treated tumors rapidly become hemorrhagic or totally devoid of blood and may develop eschars or simply slough away. On the skin and mucosal surfaces, healing occurs over a few weeks, resulting in excellent cosmetic effects, hence one advantage to... 

This medication is administered for the cosmetic effect to reduce wrinkles. 

The transposition flap method [45] involves moving a flap of skin that contains a dense area of hair to a bald area. This method is sometimes employed together with minigraft implantation along the frontal hairline to provide a cosmetic effect that is more natural in appearance. 

Koch et al. [152] explained oily versus dry hair by the rheological characteristics of the resultant scalp lipid. For example, increasing the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids should decrease the melting point of the sebum, making it more fluid or more oily. Monoglycerides are surface-active and, therefore, should enhance the distribution of sebum over the hair [152]. Factors such as fiber cross-sectional area or hair curliness were kept constant in Koch s experiments and thus were not considered however, one would expect the degree of oiliness to affect straight, fine hair the most and to have the least cosmetic effect on curly coarse hair [153]. 

After a spectrum is smoothed it becomes similar to the result of an experiment obtained at a lower resolution. Thus smoothing has a cosmetic effect on the spectrum it reduces the noise but also distorts the spectral features. Figure 10.27 depicts the IR spectrum of ibuprofen and shows the effect on the data of smoothing with 9 smoothing points. Obviously, the original spectrum always shows more pronounced peaks than the smoothed one. 

---