Corynebacterium organisms

This approach has been used with a wide variety of organisms, although it is more commonly employed using Arthrobacter simplex, Brevibacterium lipolyticum, Corynebacterium spp and certain strains of Nocardia. 

Cio-C2o-oic C10-C20 Wide range of organisms especially Candda sp, Torulopsls sp, Arthrobacter sp, Corynebacterium sp... 

Cx-dioic acid Cx (x can be between 10-22) Wide range of organisms including Candda sp, Torulopsis sp, Corynebacterium sp. 

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is non-sporing, is the causal organism of diphtheria, a disease which has largely been eradicated by immunization (Chapter 16). 

Thiaarenes are major components of crnde oil and extensive effort has been devoted to microbial processes for their removal since their presence generates undesirable SO during incineration of fossil fuels. Attention has been directed to a number of organisms including species of Rhodococ-cus, Corynebacterium, and Gordonia. 

The same factors that cause variations in the shape of bacteria also affect their size. With few exceptions, young cells are much larger than old or mature forms. Cells of B. subtilis from a 4-hr. culture measure five to seven times longer than cells from a 24-hr. culture. Variations in width are less pronounced. The organism Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a notable exception to the rule of decreasing cell size with age. 

The Japanese cooperating organizations also disclosed several other microorganisms in their awarded patents. The reports include strains of Corynebacterium (T09 and T04 strains) [115], Gordona [116], Bacillus [117], Sphingomonas, Agrobacterium, and Arthrobacter [118]. 

The mean problem when measuring many aromatics and their halogenated derivatives is their hydrophobicity. For that reason it is desirable that these compounds be measured in non-polar organic solvents. It was demonstrated, that the response of a Rhodococcus globerulus (old name Corynebacterium MBl) containing biosensor to 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl in decane or octane remained constant for up to 60 min [119]. The use of -hexane in a biosensor system based on Pseudomonas putida increased the sensitivity for phenol fivefold, the measurement frequency sixfold, and operational stabihty was 7 h [113]. 

The increase in potency observed in the progestin series by incorporation of additional unsamration in the A ring (see delmadinone, (5-4) obtains in the corticoid series as well the majority of commercial steroid anti-inflamatories in fact include this feamre. The double bond at the 1 position may be formed by fermentation with an organism such as Corynebacterium simplex [11] or by reaction with selenium dioxide. Hydrocortisone acetate (13-4) yields the widely used corticoid prednisolone acetate (14-1) in the same vein, cortisone acetate (13-5) goes to prednisone acetate (14-2). Mild saponification of either of these products yields the free alcohols prednisolone and prednisone, respectively. 

Antibacterial Spectrum. Hawley reported that various species and strains of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Corynebacterium are inhibited by nisin (Hawley 1957A, B). Mattick and Hirsch (1947) added actinomycetes, pneumococci, mycobacteria, and Erysipelothrix to this list. The nisin concentration required for complete inhibition is organism specific and ranges from 0.25 to 500 units per milliliter. Inhibition of L. casei by antibiotics from S. lactis and S. cremoris was observed by Baribo and Foster (1951). Inhibition of Propionibacterium by nisin but not of coliform bacteria was reported by Galesloot (1957). 

Molecular organization and regulation of the biosynthetic pathway for aspartate-derived amino acids in Corynebacterium glutamicum, Ind. Microorg. 1993, 97. 

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