Corticotrope

Lactotropes, foli-cullostellate cells, corticotropes, and gonadotropes Lactotropes, foli-cullostellate cells, corticotropes, and gonadotropes Combined in situ hybridization and immunohisto-chemistry Mitchner et al. 1998... 

R Schwyzer, W Rittel, H Kappeler, B Iselin. Synthesis of a nonadecapeptide with higher corticotropic activity, pert-butyl removal) Angew Chem 72, 915, 1960. 

R Schwyzer, B Rittel. Synthesis of intermediates for a corticotropic nonadecapeptide. I. A, -ferf-Butoxycarbonyl-L-lysine, A a(M-/c rt-biitoxycarbonyl-i,-lysyl)-/Vr-/< rt-butoxycarbonyl-L-lysine, M-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-lysyl-i.-prolyl-i.-valylglycine and derivatives. Helv Chim Acta 44, 159, 1961. 

GC exert their regulatory effects on the HPA system via two types of corticosteroid receptors the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) (Reul and De Kloet 1985). GRs occur everywhere in the brain but are most abundant in hypothalamic CRH neurons and pituitary corticotropes. MRs, in contrast, are highly expressed in the hippocampus and, at lower expression levels, in hypothalamic sites involved in the regulation of salt appetite and autonomic outflow. The MR binds GC with a tenfold higher affinity than does the GR (Reul and De Kloet 1985). These findings on corticosteroid receptor diversity led to the working hypothesis that the tonic influences of corticosterone... 

Legros JJ (2001) Inhibitory effects of oxytocin on corticotrope function in humans are vasopressin and oxytocin ying-yang neurohormones Psychoneuroendocrinology 26 649-655... 

Three subtypes of vasopressin G protein-coupled receptors have been identified. Via receptors mediate the vasoconstrictor action of vasopressin V , receptors potentiate the release of ACTH by pituitary corticotropes and V 2 receptors mediate the antidiuretic action. Via effects are mediated by activation of phospholipase C, formation of inositol trisphosphate, and increased intracellular calcium concentration. V2 effects are mediated by activation of adenylyl cyclase. 

Dutau G, Rochiccioli P. Exploration corticotrope au cours des traitements prolonges par le dipropionate de beclomethasone chez l enfant. [Corticotropic testing during long-term beclomethasone dipropionate treatment asthmatic children.] Poumon Coeur 1978 34(4) 247-53. 

Ruggiero DA, Underwood MD, Rice PM, Mann JJ, Arango V (1999) Corticotropic-releasing hormone and serotonin interact in the human brainstem behavioural implications. Neuroscience 91 1343-1354... 

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotropin) is a 39-amino-acid peptide synthesized and secreted by the corticotrope cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ACTH acts on several target tissues, including the adrenal cortex, adipose tissue and brain. It is synthesized as part of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) as amino acids 132-170 of this molecule, which is proteolytically cleaved to produce ACTH [1],... 

One major surprise was the demonstration that MIF is efficiently produced by the corticotropic cells... 

ACTH is a 39-amino acids polypeptide hormone cleaved from a precursor peptide called pro-opiomelanocortin, which is released from corticotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH acts through the stimulation of cell surface ACTH receptors, which are primarily located on the adrenocortical cells, ft... 

ACTH adrenocorticoh ophic hormone is a peptide hormone released by anterior pituitary cells in response to shessful stimuli that causes the synthesis and release of cortisol (corticosteroid) from the adrenal cortex. It is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. ACTH is released from pro-opiomelanocortin and secreted from corticotropes in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. 

Isolation of the pituitary in dogs by section of the stalk and removal of the hind brain does not inhibit a brisk adrenocortical response to injury (W5) this indicates that a humoral mechanism must be involved in stimulating the pituitary (HIO). A corticotropic stimulating or releasing hormone has been isolated from the hypothalamus which appears to be epinephrine in some animals (Gl), but not in man. 

ACTH is a polypeptide hormone with 39 ammo acids and an MW of 4500 that is produced by the corticotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland (see Chapter 50). In 1928 a patient was described having a small ceU carcinoma of the lung who had the signs and symptoms of what is now known to be cortisol excess. A small number of these carcinomas can produce pro-ACTH, the precursor to ACTH. This precursor has an MW of 22,000, a 5% bioactivity, and most of the immunoactivity of ACTH. Traditional RIA measures both the precursor and the hormone. One immunometric assay in use is specific for ACTH. 

Balm, P.H.M. and T.G. Pottinger. Corticotrope and melanotrope POMC-derived peptides in relation to interrenal function during stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 98 279-288, 1995. 

ACTH (Table 31 -6) is a polypeptide of 39 residues, the first 24 of which are required for corticotropic activity and do not vary among species. ACTHi 24 has been synthesized and is used for diagnostic purposes. Because it contains the MSH sequence in residues 6-9 (His-Phe-Arg-Trp), ACTH has intrinsic melanocyte-stimulating activity it can thus cause skin darkening if present in high concentrations. In normal adults, the pituitary contains about... 

No cannabinoid receptors have been found in pituitary corticotrope cells (Wenger at al. 1999). 

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