Corticosterone hydroxy

The steroids aldosterone, cortisone, cortisol, 11-P-hydroxyandrostenedione, corticosterone, and rostenedione, 11-desoxycorticosterone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, and progesterone have been performed on Ultrasphere ODS using methanokwater.19 Ranitidine N-[2-[[[5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]-methyl]thio]ethyl]-N1-methyl-2-nitro-l,l-ethenediamine has been separated using a p-Bondapak C18 column operated with acetoni-trile methanol water buffered with triethylamine phosphate.117 Pyridoxal-5 -phosphate and other B6 vitamers, including pyridoxamine phosphate, pyri-doxal, pyridoxine, and 4-pyridoxic acid, were separated as bisulfite adducts... 

The structures of the drugs used as a small test set for the model are listed in Table 17.1. Loperamide and asimadoline are P-gp substrates terfenadine and ebastine are compounds that are rapidly metabolized alprazolam, dobazam, di-and mono-hydroxy-L66858 [11] are benzodiazepines testosterone and corticosterone are hormones and cefadroxyl, cefaclor, cephalotin and cefmetazole are cephalosporins [12]. Finally, peptides 1 to 10 are peptidomimetic drugs [13]. 

Two clinical forms are seen, one (so-called I), which has low plasma aldosterone, elevated corticosterone, and normal 18-hydroxy B the second ( II) has highly elevated 18-hydroxy and normal B. Only MS/MS methods for aldosterone and corticosterone are currently available. 

In profile analysis, I shows low THAldo and 18-hydroxyTHA (the major 18-hydroxy corticosterone metabolite), but high excretions of THAs and THBs [26, 33]. In II, THAldo is low, the THAs and THBs normal, but 18-OH-THA is often grossly elevated. Representative excretions of several patients with both forms of the disorder are shown in Table 5.3.11. However, it must be emphasized that even if the steroid phenotype appears to have two forms, a single enzyme is responsible for aldosterone synthesis. 

Examples of natural glucocorticoids include hydrocortisone (cortisol) and corticosterone (Figure 5.112), whilst aldosterone and desoxy-corticosterone (cortexone) (Figure 5.113) typify mineralocorticoids. Desoxycorticosterone has also been found in plants. Some common features of these molecules are the p-CO.CFEOH side-chain at C-17, and frequently an a-hydroxy also at this position. Ring A usually contains a A4-3-keto functionality. The 11 p-hydroxy is essential for glucocorticoid activity. In aldosterone, the principal mineralocorticoid hormone, the methyl... 

The main mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, with a daily secretion of 100 pg. Aldosterone is synthesized from 18-hydroxy corticosterone by a dehydrogenase. The consequence of 18-hydroxy-cortisterone dehydrogenease deficiency is diminished secretion of aldosterone, and the clinical manifestations consist of sodium depletion, dehydration, hypotension, potassium retention, and enhanced plasma renin levels (Figure 61.3). 

Mineralocorticoid refers to those steroids that regulate salt homeostasis (sodium conservation and potassium loss) and extracellular fluid volume.Aldosterone is the most potent naturally occurring mineralocorticoid and is synthesized exclusively in the zona glomerulosa region of the adrenal cortex. This zone uniquely contains the enzyme aldosterone synthase, an obligatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway to aldosterone. Other adrenocortical steroids that have mineralocorticoid properties with varying degrees of potency include DOC, 18-hydroxy-DOC, corticosterone,... 

The zona glomerulosa also secretes 18-hydroxy-corticosterone, a precursor steroid in the aldosterone biosynthetic pathway. This steroid also has mineralocorticoid properties, but is usually present in the circulation in extremely low concentrations. Mineralocorticoids are also synthesized in the zona fasciculata DOC is the most potent, but corticosterone and cortisol also have weak mineralo-corticoid activity. All of these steroids are synthesized as products of the glucocorticoid pathway. 

Corticosterone ll/ ,20/ -Dihydroxy-3-oxo-4-pregnen-21-al, when treated in aqueous-methanolic solution with sodium hydrogen sulfite, gives the bisulfite compound that is derived from the aldehyde form since the aldehyde is regenerated by decomposition with acid. However, sodium methoxide solution decomposes the bisulfite compound with isomerization to afford the hydroxy ketone, corticosterone, in 60% yield. 

Sample preparation 1 mL Serum + 100 pL water containing 5 p.g/mL 2,3-diaminona-phthalene and 3.5 p.g/mL 18-hydroxy-ll-deo corticosterone + 1 mL 250 mM NaOH + 7 mL diethyl ether, shake on a rotary shaker for 15 min, repeat extraction. Combine the organic layers and evaporate them to dryness under a stream of nitrogen at 30-40°, reconstitute the residue in 70 p,L MeOH 100 mM perchloric acid 50 50, inject a 20 p.L aliquot. 

Names synonyms CHLOROPREDNISONE ACETATE 6a-chloropredni one acetate 6a cbloro A -pregnadien-17. 21 diol 3.11,20-trione 21-acetate. CORTICOSTERONE 11,21 dibydroxyprogesterone A -pregnene I I fi,21 -diol-3,20-dionc 11. 2 J dihydroxy-4 pregncne-3.20-dione Kendall compound B Reichstein substance H. CORTISONE 1 hydroxy-11 -dehydrocorticosterone 17a,21 -dihydroxy-4-pregnene 3,l 1.20 trione A -pregnene-17a,21 -diol 3.11.20>trione Kendall compound E Wintersteiner compound F. 

The drug is a purely synthetic compound which possesses a distinct unique characteristic feature of inhibiting 11 -P-hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of cortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone. Therefore, it is invariably employed to test for hypothalamic-pituitary function. However, in the normal individual, the drug essentially blocks the specific enzymatic step that ultimately leads to the synthesis of cortisol and corticosterone in vivo), causing an absolute intense stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion and inducing thereby a marked and pronounced enhancement in the urinary excretion of 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids. 

Finally, the etiojervane analogue of corticosterone (236) has been synthesized from jervine (231), through the known intermediate (232). The unsaturated a-hydroxy-ester (233) was prepared from (232) by a Darzens reaction, followed by boron trifluororide rearrangement. Selective catalytic hydrogenation and lithium aluminium hydride reduction gave a tetraol, isolated as its acetonide (234), which by oxidation at C-3 gave the ajS-unsaturated ketone (235). The last steps of the sequence, which involved modifications of the side-chain, entailed acid hydrolysis, acetylation of the primary alcohol, and oxidation at C-20 to give (236)." ... 

The first liquid-solid separation of the corticosteroids was carried out using a silica stationary phase with a mobile phase of chloroform-dioxane (100 5) to separate cortisol, cortisone and 11-de-oxycortisol (Touchstone and Wortmann, 1973). Most separations using silica stationary phases have used variations of the mobile phase originally described by Hesse and Hovermann (1973). Thus, a mobile phase of dichloromethane-ethanol-water (93.6 4.7 1.7) has been used to resolve prednisolone, cortisol, prednisone, cortisone, corticosterone, deoxycortisol and 17-a-hydroxy-progesterone on a silica stationary phase (Trefz et al., 1975). Other mobile phases which have been used include hexane-methylene chloride-ethanol-acetic acid (63.8 30 6 0.2) for the determination of plasma prednisolone (Loo et al., 1977), a mixture of 1.5% methanol and 0.2% water in chloro-... 

Fig. 13.3. Illustration of nomenclature rules (I) 5a-androstan-3a-ol, (II) 5a-androstan-3 -ol, (III) androst-5-ene, (IV) androst-5-ene-3, l 7 -diol, (V) 3 -hydroxyandrost-5-en-l 7-one (dehydroepian-drosterone), (VI) 11 -21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (corticosterone), and (VII) 21-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,l 1,20-trione (11-dehydrocortico-sterone). (Dorfman and Ungar, 1965.)...

Compound S, Reichstein s, see under 17-Hydroxy-11-desoxy corticosterone Copper,... 

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