Cortical steroids

Important pathways for biologic deactivation of cortical steroids in humans involve reduction of the ketone at 21 and scision of the entire side chain at C17. Substitution at Cie, it... 

Corey, Elias J., 27 Cortical steroids, discovery, 155 Cortisone, 188, 190 Cortisone acetate, 190 C-Quens , 187... 

Pharmacology The naturally occurring adrenal cortical steroids have both anti-inflammatory (glucocorticoid) and salt-retaining (mineralocorticoid) properties. These compounds are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states and may be used for their anti-inflammatory effects. 

Receptor Structures for Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids. The effects of adrenal-cortical steroids are thought to result from... 

The synthesis of modified cortical steroids has received particular interest since the report of greatly enhanced activity in the series of 9-halogen derivatives of hydrocortisone [23]. Further modifications have included the introduction of the C-l double bond [24] and the 2-methyl group [25]. The increased activity due to these latter changes has been attributed to protection of A-ring against inactivation via enzymatic reduction. [26] It seemed reasonable to suppose that a 6a-meth-yl group would be similarly effective. 

The topical NSAIDs as a group have demonstrated adjunctive efficacy in several clinical situations. These include synergistic activity with topical cortical steroids after cataract surgery. Amelioration of pain, inflammation, and resolution of CME after cataract surgery has been demonstrated. A similar effect on the mitigation of post-photorefractive keratectomy pain has also been shown. Ketorolac specifically has been suggested for concomitant application with cyclosporine A for the initial treatment of chronic dry eye disease. 

The structure of steroids—cholesterol, female sex hormones, male sex hormones, adrenal cortical steroids, anabolic steroids, and oral contraceptives (Section 29.8)... 

Many other important steroids are hormones secreted by the endocrine glands. Two important classes are the sex hormones and the adrenal cortical steroids. 

A second group of steroid hormones includes the adrenal cortical steroids. Three examples of these hormones are cortisone, cortisol, and aldosterone. All of these compounds are synthesized in the outer layer of the adrenal gland. Cortisone and cortisol serve as anti-inflammatory agents and they also regulate carbohydrate metabolism. Aldosterone regulates blood pressure and volume by controlling the concentration of Na and in body fluids. 

Local and systematic factors may play a role in the wound healing response to biomaterials or implants. Local factors include the site (tissue or organ) of implantation, the adequacy of blood supply, and the potential for infection. Systematic factors may include nutrition, hematologic derangements, gluco-cortical steroids, and preexisting disease such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and infection. 

Reichstein made extensive use of periodic acid glycol cleavage in investigating the side chains of adrenal cortical steroids. A steroid with a glycerol-type side... 

The reagent is useful for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for research in seed germination, and for determination of cortical steroids... 

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