Cortex gangliosides

The left sciatic nerve branch to EDL muscle was transected in adult female rats and the ends of the two stumps of the transected nerve were tied together. Some of the operated animals were treated daily, during the entire post-operative period, with 50mg/kg i.p. of a mixture of brain cortex gangliosides (Fidia S.p.A., Abano Terme,... 

Included among drugs that alter the permeability of the membrane are phosphatidylserine, S-adenosylmethionine, and ganglioside extracts. Phosphatidylserine, produced from purified extracts of bovine brain cortex, alters the permeability and functionality of the neuronal membrane. A study... 

Phillis J. W. and O Regan M. H. (1995). GM1 ganglioside inhibits ischemic release of amino acid neurotransmitters from rat cortex. NeuroReport 6 2010-2012. 

Frontczak-Baniewicz, M., Gadamski, R., Barskov, I., and Gajkowska, B. (2000). Beneficial effects of GM1 ganglioside on photochemically-induced microvascular injury in cerebral cortex and hypophysis in rat. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 52, 111—118. 

The gangliosides are rich in structural variations. They form special biomembranes149,150 in the ganglionic cells and in the cerebral cortex, and they probably play an essential role in the functions of the nervous system ( impulse transcription ). 

The yield in the preparative isolation of the gangliosides (for example, from beef brain) is rather small, about 0.1%. Thus, from 10 kg of fresh material, about 6-8 g of a mixture of gangliosides can be obtained.155 The ganglioside content of microsomes proved to be 0.4%, and that of the cortex of the human brain (related to the dry material),189 about 1.5%. It has been found that the ganglioside content varies quantitatively (and, to some extent, qualitatively) with the age170 of the person. 

Fig. 2. Infantile amaurotic family idiocy. Cerebral cortex. HE-stain. Enlargement 150-fold. All ganglion cells are ballooned and store gangliosides. Small dark glial cells surround ganglion cells and contain the storage substance bound to protein. (Reproduced by courtesy of Prof. P. B. Diezel)...

Gangliosides from the cerebral cortex of monkeys TLC-UV spectrometry Complex sample preparation HPTLC silica gel plates solvent system of acetonitrile-isopropanol-50 mM KCI (10 65 25) gangliosides detected by spraying with a resor-cinol-HCI reagent good resolution of poly-sialogangliosides 133a... 

De Baecque C, Johnson AB, Naiki M, Schwarting G, Marcus DM. Ganglioside localization in cerebellar cortex an immunoperoxidase study with antibody to GMl ganglioside. Brain Res. 1976 114(1) 117-122. 

Kojima H, Gorio A, Janigro D, Jonsson G. GMl ganglioside enhances regrowth of noradrenaline nerve terminals in rat cerebral cortex lesioned by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. Neuroscience. 1984 13(4) 1011-1022. 

Hirabayashi, Y, Hirota, M., Suzuki, Y, Matsumoto, M., Obata, K., and Ando, S., 1989, Develop-mentally expressed 0-acetylated ganglioside GT3 in fetal rat cerebral cortex, Neurosci. Lett. 106 193-198. 

The data of Lapetina et aL (1967) on rat brain cortex seen in Table I are rather similar to those of others listed above. In general, the microsomal and especially the mitochondrial fractions can be further fractionated to yield pinched off nerve endings or synaptosomes. These are essentially of plasma membrane origin and are especially rich in gangliosides and bound acetylcholine. Synaptosomes can be ruptured by osmotic shock to release synaptic vesicles that are virtually free of gangliosides. 

---