Brain cortex

Llinas, R. Walton, K. and Bohr, V. Synaptic transmission in squid giant synapse after potassium conductance block with external 3- and 4 - ami nopyri di nes. Bi ophvs J. 16 83-86, 1976. Mendelsohn, L.G. Kerchner, G.A. Kalra, V. Zimmerman, D.M. and Leander, J.D. Phencyclidine receptors in rat brain cortex. Biochem-Pharmacol 33-3529-3535, 1984. 

Taube, H.D. Montel, H. Hau, G. and Starke, K. Phencyclidine and ketamine Comparison with the effect of cocaine on the noradrenergic neurones of the rat brain cortex. Naunvn Schmi edeberas Pharmacol 294 47-54, 1975. 

Schlicker, E., Fink, K., Hinterthaner, M. 8r Gothert, M. (1989). Inhibition of noradrenaline release in the rat brain cortex via presynaptic H3 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedehergs Arch. Pharmacol. 340, 633-8. 

Hokin, L. E. and Hokin, M. R. Effects of acetylcholine on the turnover of phosphoryl units in individual phospholipids of pancreas slices and brain cortex slices. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 18 102-110,1955. 

Human foods that are particularly rich in copper (20 to 400 mg Cu/kg) include oysters, crustaceans, beef and lamb livers, nuts, dried legumes, dried vine and stone fruits, and cocoa (USEPA 1980). In humans, copper is present in every tissue analyzed (Schroeder et al. 1966). A 70-kg human male usually contains 70 to 120 mg of copper (USEPA 1980). The brain cortex usually contains 18% of the total copper, liver 15%, muscle 33%, and the remainder in other tissues — especially the iris and choroid of the eye. Brain gray matter (cortex) has significantly more copper than white matter (cerebellum) copper tends to increase with increasing age in both cortex and cerebellum. In newborns, liver and spleen contain about 50% of the total body burden of copper (USEPA 1980). Liver copper concentrations were usually elevated in people from areas with soft water (Schroeder et al. 1966). Elevated copper concentrations in human livers are also associated with hepatic disease, tuberculosis, hypertension, pneumonia, senile dementia, rheumatic heart disease, and certain types of cancer (Schroeder et al. 1966). 

Malva JO, Lopes MCF, Vale MGP, Carvalho AP (1990) Actions of antiestrogens on the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase and Na+/Ca2 + exchange of brain cortex membranes. Biochem Pharmacol 40 1877-1884... 

Trendelenburg AU, Limberger N, Starke K (1993) Presynaptic a2-autoreceptors in brain cortex a2D in the rat and U2a in the rabbit. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Arch Pharmacol 348 35-45... 

Pamplona, R., Dalfo, E., Ayala, V., Bellmunt, M. J., Prat, J., Ferrer, I., and Portero-Otin, M. (2005). Proteins in human brain cortex are modified by oxidation, glycoxidation and lipoxidation Effects of Alzheimer s disease and identification of lipoxidation targets. ]. Biol. Chem. 280, 21522-21530. 

Instead of measuring the absorbance of the solution immediately after incubation, it is possible to determine the colored product 169 by HPLC-ELD (A.ex = 515 nm, A.fl = 553 nm). This procednre was applied for determination of MDA after oxidation of phos-phohpids catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase . Peroxidation in the extracellular liquid of the brain cortex of rats was evaluated in vivo by microdialysis followed by reaction... 

Noradrenergic neurons at the locus coeruleus and serotonergic neurons at the raphe dorsalis complex project to the brain cortex and may play a role in AD. Drugs that raise serotonin levels, such as imipramine or zimeldine or a noradrenaline such as clonidine or guanfacine, have been used in AD [Mohr et al. 1989). Again, another chapter of this book deals with this aspect. 

A marked and initial loss of long pyramidal neurons in layer II has been observed in the brain cortex. These neurons are predominantly involved in the corticocortical connections and probably use aspartic and glutamic acid as neurotransmitters (Maragos et al. 1987). 

Included among drugs that alter the permeability of the membrane are phosphatidylserine, S-adenosylmethionine, and ganglioside extracts. Phosphatidylserine, produced from purified extracts of bovine brain cortex, alters the permeability and functionality of the neuronal membrane. A study... 

Acrylonitrile shows an inhibitory effect on potassium-stimulated respiration of guinea-pig brain cortex slices at 1 mM, but little effect on the liver at the same concentration. A stronger anaesthetic action of acrylonitrile was detected in vitro on the sciatic nerve of Rana nigra maculata, compared with some other anaesthetic agents (Hashimoto Kanai, 1965). 

In a cooperation project20 with Professor H. Timmerman, Dr. R. Leurs and coworkers (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), we compared the effects of the higher homologues of histamine (i.e. replacement of the ethylene side chain by n-propylene, n-butylene, n-pentylene etc.) in mouse brain cortex slices and in guinea-pig jejunum. 

Fig. 4. Schematic drawing of an axon terminal of the noradrenergic neurone in the mouse brain cortex. The axon terminal is endowed with several types of presynaptic receptors including the autoreceptor for noradrenaline itself (which is an a2D-adrenoceptor in this species45) and a variety of heteroreceptors (only the H3 and EP3 heteroreceptors are identified).

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