Corrosion of stainless steel

The use of inhibitors is not limited to controlling corrosion of iron and steel. They frequently are effective with stainless steel and other aUoy materials. The addition of copper sulfate to dilute sulfuric acid will sometimes control corrosion of stainless steels in hot dilute solutions of this acid, whereas the uninhibited acid causes rapid corrosion. 

Bates, J. F., Cathodic Protection to Prevent Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Halide Media , Corrosion, 29, 28 (1973)... 

Cihal, V. and Kasova, L, Relation Between Carbide Precipitation and Intercrystalline Corrosion of Stainless Steel , Corros. Sci., 10, 875 (1970)... 

Cihal, V. and Jezek, J., Corrosion of Stainless Steel in the Immediate Vicinity of the Weld Metal , Brit. Corr. J., 7, 76 (1972)... 

Pakhomova, N. A. and Levin, I. A., Effect of Grain Size on the Inter-crystalline Corrosion of Stainless Steel Type 18-8 , Zashch. Metal, 9, 676 (1973) C.A., 80, 86207j Brown, M. H. and Kirchner, R. W., Corrosion of High Alloy Weldments 1. Sensitisation of Wrought High Nickel Alloys , Corrosion, 29, 470 (1973)... 

Osozawa, K., Metallurgical Aspects of Intergranular Corrosion of Stainless Steel , Boshoku Gijutsu, 22, 267 (1973) C.A., 80, 85981V... 

Suzuki, T. and Kitamura, Y., Critical Potential for Growth of Localised Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Chloride Media , Corrosion, 28, 1 (1972)... 

Kato, M., Inoue, T., Goto, K., Ito, G. and Shimizu, Y., Effect of Dissolved Oxidising Agents and Inhibitors on Pitting Corrosion of Aluminium in Water , Aluminium, 49, 289 (1973) Richardson, J. A. and Godwin, A. W., Localised Corrosion of Stainless Steel During Food Processing , Br. Corros. J., 8, 259 (1973)... 

Uhlig, H. H. and Gilman, 3. R., Inhibition of Pitting Corrosion of Stainless Steel 18/8 in Iron(III) Chloride Solutions by Nitrates , Z. Physik. Chem.,21/6, 127 (1964) C.A., 61,9231c Fisher, W. R., Pitting Corrosion, Especially of Titanium. 1 Corrosion Studies , Techn. Mill. 

The addition of a minimum of 2% molybdenum content in type 316 stainless steel has been shown to reduce the tendency for pitting-type corrosion in chloride environments. Hoar and Mears postulated that chloride ions accelerate the corrosion of stainless steel by penetrating the oxide him. The chloride-contaminated him then loses its passivating quality and a local attack on the metal follows, creating a pit. The exact mechanism by which molybdenum strengthens the oxide him is not clearly understood. ... 

Brown, S. A. and Simpson, J. P., Crevice and Fretting Corrosion of Stainless-Steel Plates and Screws , Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 15, 867-878 (1981)... 

Oldfield, J. W., and Sutton, W. H., Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steels , European Congress on Corrosion, London (1977)... 

Colombier, L. and Hochmann, J., Stainless and Heat Resistory Steels, Arnold (1967) Handbook of Stainless Steels, (Ed. Peckner, D. and Bernstein, 1. M,), McGraw-Hill (1977) Sedricks, A. J., Corrosion of Stainless Steels J. Wiley and Sons (1979)... 

It is impossible in this chapter to do justice to the extensive amount of research that has been performed on the stress corrosion of stainless steels, and probably more papers have been written concerning the austenitic grades than on all of the other grades together. Numerous reviews have been published in recent years some of which are listed in references 66-71, but other equally useful reviews are available. 

The corrosion of stainless steel welds has probably been studied more fully than any other form of joint corrosion and the field has been well reviewed by Pinnow and Moskowitz , whilst extensive interest is currently being shown by workers at The Welding Institute. Satisfactory corrosion resistance for a well-defined application is not impossible when the austenitic and other types of stainless steels are fusion or resistance welded in fact, tolerable properties are more regularly obtained than might be envisaged. The main problems that might be encountered are weld decay, knifeline attack and stress-corrosion cracking (Fig. 9.29). 

Fig. 19.16 Schematic E — I diagrams of local cell action on stainless steel in CUSO4 + H2SO4 solution showing the effect of metallic copper on corrosion rate. C and A are the open-circuit potentials of the local cathodic and anodic areas and / is the corrosion current. The electrode potentials of a platinised-platinum electrode and metallic copper immersed in the same solution as the stainless steel are indicated by arrows, (a) represents the corrosion of stainless steel in CUSO4 -I- H2 SO4, (b) the rate when copper is introduced into the acid, but is not in contact with the steel, and (c) the rate when copper is in contact with the stainless steel...

The effect of carbon on the corrosion of stainless steels in liquid sodium depends upon the test conditions and the composition of the steels . Stabilised stainless steels tend to pick up carbon from sodium, leading to a degree of carburisation which corresponds to the carbon activity in the liquid metal. Conversely, unstabilised stainless steels suffer slight decarburisation when exposed to very pure sodium. The decarburisation may promote corrosion in the surface region of the material and, under creep rupture conditions, can lead to cavity formation at the grain boundaries and decreased strength. 

Corradi and Gasperini claimed that the potentiostatic method was more effective and simpler than the Strauss test for determining intergranular corrosion of stainless steels, and suggested that the method may lend itself for use on finished equipment in service as a non-destructive test. 

Eskolaite Cr203 Chromic oxide. A result of corrosion of stainless steels. 

A liquid metal alloy [36] containing gallium, indium, and tin has been proposed as an additive to Portland cement. A formulation is shown in Table 18-10. The liquid metal alloy has a melting point of 11° C. Its presence does not cause corrosion of stainless steel up to 250° C but causes corrosion of steel alloys at temperature above 35° C, and it dissolves aluminum at room temperature. The alloy is harmless to skin and mucous membranes. 

N. J. E. Dowling, J. Guezennec, and D. C. White. Facilitation of corrosion of stainless steel exposed to aerobic seawater by microbial biofilms containing both facultative and absolute anaerobes. In Proceedings Volume. Inst Petrol Microbiol Comm Microbial Problems in the Offshore Oil Ind Int Conf (Aberdeen, Scotland, 4/15-4/17), 1986. 

Possibility of corrosion of stainless steel parts in pool... 

The corrosion of stainless steel in 0.1 mol-1 NaCl solutions at open circuit potential was studied in detail by Bruesch et al. [106] using XPS in combination with a controlled sample transfer system [38]. It was verified by XPS analysis that the passivating film contains chromium oxide. The position and the height of the Cr concentration maximum depends critically on the bulk chromium content of the steel. Significant variations in the electrode passivation properties were observed at a Cr concentration of 12%, while the film behaviour was found to be rather independent of the other components like Mo, Ni, Cu. From the fact that the film structures and... 

Several methods to determine the resistance to pitting corrosion of stainless steel have been introduced. The methods are divided into two groups. The first group includes determination of pitting potential, CPT, in FeClj... 

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