Correlated to variation

Temperature control is important in conductivity measurements, since the conductivity of milk increases by about 0.0001 ohm 1cm 1 per degree Celsius rise in temperature (Gerber 1927 Muller 1931 Pinkerton and Peters 1958). Increased dissociation of the electrolytes and decreasing viscosity of the medium with increasing temperature are undoubtedly responsible for this effect. An investigation (Sudheendra-nath and Rao 1970) of the viscosity and electrical conductivity of skim milk from cows and buffaloes failed to reveal a simple relationship. The authors attributed the lack of linear correlations to variations in casein structure and its hydration. 

In the previous section we have described the three types of phase behavior observed in the low-molecular-weight PMMA/PS system and reviewed the four types observed in the low-molecular-weight PS/PMMA system. These various phase relationships have been studied in terms of their dependence on the molecular weight (Mn) and weight percent (W) of the initial polymer present. Further, we have presented quantitative data concerning the sizes of the dispersed particles, again correlated to variations in Mn and W. In this section we will discuss the results in terms of the poly (methyl methacrylate )/polystyrene/styrene and poly-styrene/poly( methyl methacrylate)/methyl methacrylate ternary phase diagrams, whichever is appropriate. 

Langer and Doltsinis [41, 42] find that the nonadiabatic transition parameter (10-10) is correlated to variations in the C(5)C(6) bond length as well as to out-of-plane motions. The importance of this degree of freedom for radiationless decay has been pointed out previously by Zgierski et al. [103],... 

It was shown in Ref. 243, devoted to a study of Ti Om clusters, TiO2(110) surface and bulk rutile Ti02, that, although the AojCj S e not measurable quantities, their variations are strongly and systematically correlated to variations of bond-lengths (Fig. 10). They are thus pertinent quantities to discuss modifications of the iono-covalent character at surfaces. 

Hansch analysis assumes that variations in the magnitude of a certain biological activity exhibited by a series of bioactive compounds can be correlated to variations in different physico-chemical factors associated with their structure. Therefore, the basic QSAR equation in the Hansch analysis is defined as ... 

The successful production of kinetically stable core-shell particles will rely entirely on prevoiting radicals generated in the aqueous phase from diffusing into the seed particles, i.e. as long as the mraiomer feed rate keeps pace with the rate of polymerization. Jonsson s conclusions also underline the importance of the Tg of the seed polymer swollen by the corresponding amount of monomer accumulated in the system. He found that the deviations from the designed core-shell morphology were correlated to variations in the tonperature difference between the polymerization temperature and the Tg of the seed polymer. 

It has been shown that modification of the distribution of species in aqueous polysulfide solution can be correlated to variations in transparency, conductivity, activity, and cadmium chalcogenide photoelectrochemistry. Specifically, the separate effects of hydroxide and pH modification [42], sulfur [43] and sulfide [44], and cation [45, 46] were investigated in terms of spedation and photoelectrochemical phenomena. Previously cadmium chalcogenide polysulfide PECs had generally employed electrolytes composed 1 molar in sodium sulfide, sulfur and sodium hydroxide and resulted in solar conversion efficiencies of approximately 7% [31-33]. However, added hydroxide is to be minimized in these cells, cesium is the... 

Whenever during service, the sample component is subjected to thermal or mechanical load, it may lose the required properties. The result is fatigue or even failure. Elaborate experimental setups must be developed, if such loss of mechanical properties shall be correlated to variations of structure gradients. The reason is that both temporally and spatially resolved structural data must be recorded at least quasi-simultaneously. Such experiments are still technically challenging. 

Although filled systems are not as sensitive to variations in this type of cure behavior, certain correlations can be made with practical vulcanizing systems (29). 

Miller first used Eq. (7-41) to correlate multiple variations, and this approach has more recently been subjected to considerable development. Many cross-interaction constants have been evaluated multiple regression analysis is one technique, but Miller and Dubois et ah discuss other methods. Lee et al. consider Pxy to be a measure of the distance between groups x and y in the transition state... 

Comparing the alteration in a values with the established changes in fine structure parameters presented in Table 12, it can be seen that the alteration in a values does not correlate with variations in any particular structure parameter. This leads to the conclusion that the ascertained alternation in a must be evoked by a complex change in different substructure, microstructure, and orientation parameters of the fiber. 

An appraisal of artificial weathering methods was given in a report by Hoey and Hipwood who described the effectiveness of various weatherometer tests such as are described in BS 3900 Part F3 and ASTM 42 1964 (now ASTM G23 1989). Although these tests simulate atmospheric exposure it is not possible to obtain a direct correlation owing to variation in outdoor exposure conditions from place to place, but they serve a very useful purpose in providing a preliminary sorting of paints that can then be tested in the field. 

The influence that variations of temperature and levels of atmospheric CO2 and O2 have on chemical weathering are more subtle. Temperature appears to have a direct effect on weathering rate (White and Blum, 1995). The silica concentration of rivers (Meybeck, 1979, 1987) and the alkalinity of ground waters in carbonate terrains (Harmon et al., 1975) are both positively correlated with temperature variations. It is not clear, however, whether temperature-related variations in weathering rates are largely due to variations in vegetational activity that parallel temperature variations. 

A clear trend was also apparent among the physicochemical properties, since the lipophilicity range yielded the best correlations for both ApKj b and ApKj, while the dipole space yielded the lowest. Interestingly, all significant correlation coefficients were posihve, implying that tti-AR selectivities are mainly proportional to variations in physicochemical properties, as expressed mainly by range. 

Although the entry of MeHg into the base of the food web and its subsequent transfer in the lowest trophic levels are poorly understood, it is evident that the concentration of MeHg in all trophic levels is strongly correlated with its supply from methylating environments. In fish, for example, much of the modem spatial variation in mercury concentrations (within a given trophic level) can be attributed to variation in factors and processes that affect the microbial production of MeHg and its entry into oxic waters. 

This correlation suggests that mineralogical alteration zoning correlates to S O variation that has been cited by Naito et al. (1993). 

The optical gap of a-C H films was found to continuously decrease with increasing self-bias [42]. The gap shrinking was found to be strongly correlated to the variation of Raman spectra that is related to the increase of the graphitic clusters present in the a-C H films. Accordingly, the electrical resistivity of C H films was found to strongly decrease with substrate bias [43]. 

---