Coronal holes

Coronal hole Relatively dark regions of the corona in X-ray photographs. A high-speed solar wind flows out from coronal holes. It tends to appear a few years after the year of sunspot maximum. The aurora becomes active when the Earth is. 

Coronal holes Regions in the solar corona in which the solar magnetic fields are not closed but are open into the interplanetary medium. 

To confirm the stereotaxic orientation of sections in the brain used for this atlas, reference needle tracks were made perpendicular to the horizontal and coronal planes. For brains sectioned in the coronal plane, vertical needle insertions were made at 2.0 mm intervals through the brain, except for the penetrations at 0.7 mm anterior to the interaural line, which was chosen to avoid rupture of a venous sinus. Ten such needle tracks appear on coronal plates of this atlas. Three horizontal needle insertions perpendicular to the coronal plane were made from the posterior of the brain at 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mm above the interaural line and approximately 1.0 mm lateral to the midline. The reference tracks from the horizontal needles appear as small holes in coronal sections. 

Fig. 16.2 Mottled enamel, (a) Severe mottling. Note the wear at the coronal edge of the central incisors, the brown color, and holes on the coronal half of the crowns and the opaque white color interspersed with brown spots on the apical half (Figure downloaded from The Free Dictionary http //img. tfd.com/mosby/thumbs/500087-fxl2.jpg). (b) Mild mottling. Note the speckles of opaque white color on the labial surface of the central incisors. Other teeth may be similarly affected (Figure is a gift from Dr. Kenneth W. Stephens, University of Glasgow College of Dentistry)...

The post-mortem investigation discovered a metallic sphere, 1.52 mm in diameter (about the size of a pin s head), just below the surface of the skin at the site of the puncture mark. The sphere, made of an alloy of platinum (90%) and iridium (10%), had two holes in it, of diameter 0.35 mm, that extended across the entire sphere. This would allow about 0.28mm of a substance to be stored. The pellet was checked by the Government Chemical Defense Establishment at Porton Down but no traces of any substance could be found. Despite this, owing to the symptomatology and the very high toxicity required for so small a dose, the Coroner was satisfied that the cause of the poisoning was ricin. The pellet found in Mr. Markov was placed in the Black Museum at New Scotland Yard but has since been removed to serve as a piece... 

Surgical technique under general anesthesia, electrodes (Medtronic Model 3387 DBS lead Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) are stereotactically placed in both left and right CM nuclei through a coronal incision and bifrontal burr holes made at a distance of 10 to 15 mm at each side of the midline at the level of the coronal suture. The CM localization is accomplished by air ventriculography. This method allows us to demonstrate the anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) of the third ventricle with remarkable precision. Two lines are drawn, the AOPC line and the vertical line perpendicular to the PC (VPC). The target point for the electrode tip was a distance 10 mm from the midline and the intersection of the AC-PC line with the VPC [Velasco et al, 1989,2000b]. 

Fisher 344 rats (N = 20) were anesthetized by 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of barbiturate. The head of each rat was placed on a stereotactic frame and a burr hole was drilled 2 mm lateral and caudal to the mid-point of the coronal suture on the right parietal region. To induce tumor formation, using a 27G Hamilton syringe, in aseptic conditions, 10 /10 pL C6 cell suspension was slowly injected into the right caudate putamen at the depth of 3 mm from the brain surface. Immediately after removal of the syringe, the burr hole was closed with bone wax. 

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