Corn cob hemicellulose

Xyloisosaccharinic acid [2,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid] is one of the major, alkaline-degradation products of wood xylan, in particular, that of birch. The disaccharide, 2-O-D-xylopyranosyl-L-arabinose, which was isolated as a hydrolysis product of corn-cob hemicellulose, is readily degraded at 100° in 15 mM Ca(OH)2 to acidic products, primarily saccharinic acids. Xylan oligosaccharides from corn-cob hemicellulose produced 2,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)buta-noic acid when exposed to 0.02 M Ca(OH)2 at 25°. However, it was noted that the xylan, itself, was stable at 100° in Af NaOH. The major acidic component of the hemicellulose fraction of slash pine Pinus el-liotti) after acid hydrolysis was identified as 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic... 

The isolation of corn cobs hemicellulose used 500 cm of 0.03 M NaOH in 70% ethanol and precipitation used the solution of 10% acetic acid in 95% ethanol with a ratio of 1 4 [v/v) and corn cobs hemicelluloses reached the levels of 12.04% [33, 34]. This method performs removal of lignin by using 3% H2O2, while hemicellulose powder is used to obtain 10% acetic acid in 95% ethanol. 

The chromatogram recorded and performed a qualitative analysis of the area, peak height, and retention time corn cobs hemicellulose. 

Figure 8.1 Characterization corn cobs hemicellulose by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Characterization of Corn Cobs Hemicellulose Using Infrared Spectrophotometry... 

To a weighed amount of 1 mg corn cobs hemicellulose, 200 mg of potassium bromide was added. The mixture was ground to a homogeneous form and then analyzed the vibration in the range of wave number 500-4000 cm . Infrared spectra recorded the fingerprint spectrum and the spectrum of functional groups resulting from the hemicelluloses [5]. The results can be seen in Table 8.1. 

Application of Corn Cobs Hemicellulose as Chelating Agent for Toxic Metal... 

The corn cobs hemicelluloses weighed 100 mg. Then, the hemicelluloses were inserted into 12 erlenmeyers, dissolved in... 

The test of corn cobs hemicellulose s ability as a chelating agent metal titrimetric with titration was done indirectly, and as a solvent, 0.05 N NaOH as much as 1 cm was used. This is based on the hemicellulose of hydroxyl groups that react with the sodium salt into alkaline salts that are soluble in water. This is in accordance with the legal principles that reactions between Lewis acids and bases will form water-soluble salts [20,38]. 

The titration results of corn cobs hemicellulose bond between the metal ions cadmium and plumbum ions are shown in Tables 8.2 and 8.3. Based on Table 8.2, it appears that 100 mg of corn cobs hemicellulose was bond cadmium at (46.88 0.5094] mg. According to Table 8.3, it appears that 100 mg of corn cobs hemicellulose was bond plumbum at (67.82 0.4280] mg. This implies that the cadmium ions and plumbum ions can release sodium from hemicelluloses [33, 34]. Because based on their group in the periodic system, sodium was contained in class lA and had a low electronegativity compared to cadmium ions in group... 

Table 8.2 Titration results of corn cobs hemicelluloses with cadmium 3 mg/cm as a titrant...

This is reinforced by laws developed by [38], the law of the hard soft acid base, which states that the bonding that occurs in hemicellulose also occurs at hydroxyl groups contained in the carboxylate groups and hydroxyl corn cobs hemicellulose. Although the reaction between sodium—a strong acid—and a hydroxyl compound of hemicellulose—a strong base—can be replaced by other cations, there are soft acids such as cadmium ions and borderline acids such as plumbum ions [20], This indicates that the titration performed in the alkaline pH of the hemicellulose can bind cadmium with endpoint white precipitation of cadmium hydroxide or endpoint white precipitation plumbum hydroxide from plumbum [3],... 

Hemicellulose Bond and Plumbum Corn Cobs Hemicellulose Bond with Color Reaction and FTIR Vibration... 

The results of titration with cadmium corn cobs hemicelluloses and plumbum corn cobs hemicelluloses were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min. Then, the filtrate was separated from sediment and the sediment was washed with aquadest. After that, it was suspended in 1 cm of concentrated nitric acid, diluted with 10 cm of distilled water, stirred for 2 min, then centrifuged and separated [24, 33],... 

This confirms there has been an ionic bond between the cadmium or plumbum with corn cobs hemicellulose and it forms water-soluble complexes. This is evidenced also by the sediment test titration results showing the results of the same reaction. This means that the deposits were formed in the titration of a precipitate of cadmium hydroxide or plumbum hydroxide. 

Titration results with fried dryer and dry powder weighed as much as 1 mg and were identified by FTIR. The results were compared to the yield of vibrational corn cobs hemicellulose with infrared [24, 34]. 

The comparison of infrared vibrational forms corn cobs hemicellulose, the reaction corn cobs hemicellulose vibrations can be seen in Figs. 8.2 and 8.3a for cadmium corn cobs hemicellulose... 

Figure 8.3a Characterization of the infrared vibration of corn cobs hemicellulose and cadmium complex.

From Figs. 8.3a and 8.3b, it can be seen that there are a shifting in the location of the vibration of the corn cob hemicellulose prior to reaction with cadmium and plumbum. This shows that the inclusion of cadmium and plumbum ions on corncob hemicellulose, will change the location of groups vibrations contained in corn cob hemicellulose. In the FTIR vibration, hydroxyl vibration of corn cobs hemicellulose in the... 

Tables 8.4 and 8.5 show that there Is the influence of the type of chelating agent and the weight of the chelating agent applied. Compared to hemicellulose, 100 mg pectin has the lowest binding capacity of 21.10 1.08 mg of plumbum ion or 52.75%. However, 200 and 300 mg pectin will give a greater ability in binding capacity of 32.48 0.71 mg or 81.20% and 37.39 0.22 mg or 93.47% of plumbum ion, respectively, which shows that the corn cob hemicellulose has a greater chelating effect than pectin [34].

Table 8.4 Chelating effect of corn cobs hemicellulose and pectin for 30 mg/25 mL cadmium ions...

The chelating ability of corn cobs hemicellulose, and pectin toward cadmium ion and plumbum is shown in Tables 8.4 and 8.5. The administration of chelating agent to bind distinct cadmium and plumbum in the pH 2 gives different results. From Tables 8.4 and 8.5, it can be seen that there is an influence of the type and weight of chelating agent applied. However, in contrast to pectin, with the addition of pectin, the concentration will also increase properly the strap to cadmium ions [34],... 

The profile of chelating effect of corn cobs hemicelluloses and pectin in Figs. 8.4 and 8.5 shows that the weight will increase the ability of the chelating agent to corn cobs hemicellulose and pectin as a whole. Overall, the corn cobs hemicelluloses have... 

Rabbits were given 100 meg of cadmium ions and 100 meg of plumbum ions orally every 2 days for 2 weeks and then as much as 3 cm of it was drawn. The total of 1 cm was used to determine the levels of cadmium and plumbum in the blood. Furthermore, it was given 10 mg corn cobs hemicellulose together with 100 meg of cadmium ions and 100 meg of plumbum ions every 2 days. After 2 weeks, as much as 3 cm of blood was drawn. It is used to test the results of the implementation of this by checking the cadmium and plumbum levels In blood samples. It was held for 10 weeks [34]. 

Rabbits were given 10 mg corn cobs hemicellulose through their mouths every 2 days for 10 weeks and as many as 3 cm of blood were taken every 2 weeks to determine the results of treatment by determining the levels of cadmium and plumbum. The treatment was carried out for 10 weeks [34]. 

The in vivo Corn Cobs Hemicellulose Testing in Rabbits I 331... 

The corn cobs hemicellulose test with three treatments was carried out and the results of the treatments are shown In Tables 8.6,8.7. 

This means that the administration of 10 mg corn cobs hemiceiiuiose for 10 weeks can reduce cadmium levels of 2.50 ppm or 95.05% and plumbum levels of 1.24 ppm or 88.49%. On the other hand, F test [17, 47] results show that the statistical analysis before treatment (Wq) to check on shows no significant difference. This means that the process of the treatment of three types of treatment for 10 weeks can reduce blood cadmium and plumbum levels in rabbits. In other words, corn cobs hemicelluloses can be used as an ingredient to reduce cadmium and plumbum levels in the blood as shown graphically in Figs. 8.6 and 8.7. 

Treatment was stopped due to blood cadmium and plumbum levels in several rabbits are not detected meaning that the administration of 10 mg corn cobs hemicellulose with a period of 10 weeks can reduce exposure to cadmium and plumbum levels in the blood. This also means when corn cobs hemicellulose is given in greater weight, it will affect the essential minerals needed by the body in large quantities such as calcium, iron, zinc, sodium, potassium, etc. Therefore, it is worried that it would also reduce levels of these essential minerals [34]. 

Muchlisyam, Harahap, U., Silalahi, J., Alfian, Z. A. (2013). Isolation and utilization of corn cobs hemicellulose as chelating agent for lead ions. Malays.]. Anal Scl, 17(1), 71-74. 

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