Corn bagasse

Molasses, fruit juice, corns, bagasse, Jerusalem artichockes, cassava, whey, sulfite liquor, saw dust and other wood by-products are used as substrates for alcohol and glycerin production. Starch-based substrates should be first saccharified by amylases prepared from barley, fungi or bacteria. Cellulosic materials must also be chemically or enzymatically hydrolyzed before being used as substrates for alcohol production. Clostridium species contain amylases and are able to convert starch and cellulose directly16). 

However, there has been some interesting work in the USA on soybean, as a potential source of TS binder resins. These resins are being developed by the United Soybean Board, St Louis, Missouri, USA, under the name Proteinol. They are made from various waste cellulosic fibers tightly bound with various soy protein/phenolic binder systems. Fillers can be agricultural crop wastes such as wheat straw, corn, bagasse, kenaf, or hemp, forest waste products such as wood fibers, shavings, sawdust or chips, and shredded newsprint, de-inked office paper, and other recycled products. Extruded and compression molded shapes are being produced, which can be nailed, drilled, sawn, routed, sanded, painted and stained. 

Scheme 2.1 Furanic commodity chemicals derived from pentosans in agricultural wastes (corn cobs, oat hulls, bagasse, wood chips).

Adipic acid can also be made from THF, obtained from furfural. It is carbonylated in the presence of nickel carbonyl-nickel iodide catalyst. Furfural is a chemurgic product obtained by the steam-acid digestion of corn cobs, oat hulls, bagasse, or rice hulls. 

A.W. Baker, USP 3047441(1962) CA 57, 12779(1962) (Expls prepd by mixing coned hydrogen peroxide with finely divided solid combustible materials, such,as wood pulp, fine sawdust, bagasse, ground corn cobs, etc. Hydrogen peroxide can be stabilized with acetanilide, phosphoric acid or phosphate and may be replaced in part by AN)... 

AN (alone or contg a small amt of dendritic inotg nitrates), 1.5% mineral oil, 1.0% dia-tomaceous earth 16.0% bagasse (or other low-d fuel such as shredded corn stalks or shredded synthetic plastics). This mixt... 

The Purdue concepts have been applied to several different agricultural products, such as corn stalks, alfalfa, orchard grass, tall fescue, and sugarcane bagasse. No experiments have been reported on either hardwoods or softwoods. The processes have been explored in two major modes. In the first, the entire agricultural residue is treated with solvent in the second, a dilute acid pretreatment to remove hemicellulose precedes solvent treatment. The first process is especially desirable for making furfural or fermentation products from hemicellulose as a separate activity. Then, the hemicellulose-free raw material can be converted to substantially pure glucose. 

Recent studies have proven ethanol to be an ideal liquid fuel for transportation and renewable lignocellulosic biomass to be an attractive feedstock for ethanol fuel production by fermentation (1,2). The major fermentable sugars from hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, such as rice and wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, corn fiber, softwood, hardwood, and grasses, are D-glucose and D-xylose except that softwood... 

Bagasse - India Wheal straw - Great Britain Com stover - USA Molasses - South Africa Molasses - India Corn - USA Sugarbeet - Great Britain Sugarcane - Brazil... 

The prices of some pertinent examples of agriculture-based raw materials (biomass) are compared with oil and coal in Table 8.1. It is obvious that the cheapest source of carbon is agricultural waste, i.e. waste plant biomass such as corn stover, wheat straw and sugar cane bagasse, which consists primarily of lig-nocellulose. 

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