Copper cation concentration

Figure 6 Influence ofthe dose rate and the copper cation concentration under Irradiation with 1 GeV (LET= 26eV/nm) atGANIL. [Cu ] = 0 U [Cu ]= I pmolT A [Ct/ = 6pmolr .

Metal-ion uptake in a dynamic system Sorption experiments in a dynamic system were carried out using a glass column (length 10 cm, internal diameter 1.2 cm) filled with 1.0 g resin. The resin was washed with distilled-deionized water (10 bed volumes), then a solution containing 40 ppm Cu was passed through at a flow rate of 3 mLmin . For determination of the breakthrough curve, the eluate from the column was collected in 50 mL fractions and the copper cation concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. 

Fonnation of a complex with a copper cation only further stimulates this behaviour. As a result, S.lg is almost completely bound to the micelles, even at low concentrations of Cu(DS)2. By contrast, the reaction of 5.1 f still benefits from an increasing surfactant concentration at 10 mM of Cu(DS)2. In fact, it is surprising that the reaction of this anionic compound is catalysed at all by an anionic surfactant. Probably it is the copper complex of 5.If, being overall cationic, that binds to the micelle. Not surprisingly, the neutral substrate S.lc shows intermediate behaviour. 

Different samples of aqueous solution containing radionuclides of Co and Eu were prepared at different copper sulphate concentrations and constant polymer concentrations (pAM) of 15 mg/1. The addition of salt to the system was done to reduce both the repulsion forces between the radionuclides and the interaction between the polymeric chains [7]. The polymer efficiency for the prepared samples was determined, results are shown in Fig. 15. It is clear that the polymer efficiency for Eu " is higher than for Co. This can be explained by the difference in the tightly bound structured water associated with different cationic species [14,107]. On this basis, we expect that Co is more hydrated than Eu. This is due to the difference in the ionic size. The hydra-... 

CulnS2, CulnSe2. CuInS2 (CIS),films have been grown from mixed copper(II) chloride, indium(III) chloride cation precursor, and sodium sulfide anion precursor solutions.121122 XPS and XRD analyses revealed that, when the copper/indium concentration ratio in the solution was 1.25, a stoichiometric CIS film could be grown. The electrical parameters obtained with different copper/indium concentration ratios have been investigated.121... 

Copper(II) Exchange at Controlled pH Values. The cation concentrations displayed in Figure 5 for pH 7 were obtained following an equilibration with 0.01 M Cu(II) solution to which no acid or base had been added. Therefore, this pH was "naturally" determined by the balance between copper nitrate concentration and amount of Na Y zeolite mixed with the solution, as was the case for the samples that yielded the data in Figure 3. This balance was altered by the addition of acid or base during the preparation of the three other samples depicted in Figure 5. As the acid concentration was increased, the quantity of H+ ions in the zeolite also increased. 

Seco, A. Gabaldon, C., Marzal, P., and Aucejo, A. (1999). Effect of pH, cation concentration and sorbent concentration on cadmium and copper removal by a granular activated carbon. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 74, 911—18. 

Zinc cations react with alkali and form immediately SZC and ZHC (path B), and copper cations convert to amorphous CHC (path A). In the very initial stage of precipitation, the carbonate concentration in the CHC is low, but as time continues, the hydroxyl anions are replaced with carbonate anions, finally producing the amorphous intermediate GE, which has identical composition with MA. 

For the moment, ignore the sulfide ions and concentrate on the cations. Starting at the top of the unit ceU, there are four copper cations at the comers and one iron cation in the center. In the next layer of cations there are two copper ions on opposite faces and two iron cations on the other set of faces. Then, in the middle layer there is a layer similar to the top layer, but the ions are reversed (iron at the comers, copper in the middle). The next to bottom layer is a repeat of the second layer from the top, except that the ions are reversed. The bottom layer is, of course, a repeat of the top layer. 

An electrolyte contains a very low activity (8 10 mol/l) of silver cations Ag+) and an unknown concentration of copper cations. If the cell potential difference between the copper anode and the silver cathode is -0.04 V, determine a) which cation will be reduced (electroplated) on the cathode and b) the concentration of [Cu+ ] in g/l at 40°C. Neglect the effects of other ions that might react with silver. [Solution a) Ag will be reduced and b) [Cu+2] = 60.19 g/l]. 

The solid readily dissolves chemically in concentrated hydrochloric acid, forming a complex, and in ammonia as the colourless, linear, complex cation [H3N -> Cu <- NHj] (cf AgCl) if air is absent (in the presence of air, this is oxidis to a blue ammino-copper(II) complex). This solution of ammoniacal copper(I) chloride is a good solvent or carbon monoxide, forming an addition compound CuCl. CO. H2O, and as such is used in gas analysis. On passing ethyne through the ammoniacal solution, a red-brown precipitate of hydrated copper(I) dicarbide (explosive when dry) is obtained ... 

Electrowinning. Vat leaching often yields copper solutions having concentrations sufficiently high for direct electrowinning. However, high concentrations of cations other than copper and low copper concentrations make it more difficult to obtain high purity electrolytic copper by direct electrolysis of leach solutions than by electrolysis of purified solutions obtained from solvent extraction. 

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