Cooling water savings

A strain of thermophilic Acetobacter - 9. patented in Japan for oxidizing ethanol in a submerged culture oxidizer at temperatures as high as 37°C with considerable savings in cooling water. Another theimophilic strain oiyAcetobacter xn.2An.. 2cm.ed full activity at 35°C, and 45% of its maximum activity at 38°C. 

Prepare samples (maximum of two) by grinding and weighing 5 g of each into 500-mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Add 50 mL of the HC1 solution prepared in step 1 to each. Bring each to a boil on a hot plate, and then simmer for 5 min. Cool and transfer the supernatents for each to separate 100-mL volumetric flasks. Dilute to the mark with distilled water and shake. Filter each through Whatman 1 filter paper into dry 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Pipet 1 mL of each of these extracts into other clean 100-mL volumetric flasks, and dilute to the mark with water. Save the original extracts in case more dilutions are needed. 

Utilities include the costs of electricity, generating steam, cooling water etc., and emphasises the importance of good equipment and efficient processing and energy-audits for energy conservation and consequent financial savings. 

The water savings to be made in both bleed (B) and makeup (MU) can be demonstrated as in Table 8.1, using the same example of a cooling system, as in Section 8.2.4.7, with an effective 412.5-ton capacity cooling tower. 

Optimum savings in cooling water consumption and inhibitor usage (and hence savings in cost) can be effected by running the COC of any cooling system as close to the theoretical maximum as possible. However, the risks of scale deposition and other problems can increase dramatically. Therefore, plans for raising the COC should only consider the practical maximum COC, which is a lower level. 

The high cost of commercial superconducting spectrometers and of the continuing supply of liquid helium needed has limited the number of installations of these instruments, and, in some countries, such high-frequency p.m.r. spectra are available only from a national service center. However, some savings are realized because of the fact that, once established in the persistent mode, superconducting solenoids require neither a power supply nor cooling water. 

Calculate water savings using low-fin tubes. The tube-side fluid must be further cooled the water savings is represented by the difference in heat recovery between bare and low-fin tubes. Thus,... 

Lange, A., 1990, Money saving by the improved operation of condenser tube cleaning systems, the installation of cooling water debris filters and newly developed condenser monitoring. VGB-Kraftwerkstechnik., 8, 1 - 8. 

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